da daughterless [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: daprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: daughterlessprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0267821
Locus tag: Dmel_CG5102
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0267821
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 5102; bHLHb22; CG5102; Da; DA; Dmel\CG5102; l(2)31Ea; l(2)k08611; SC_DA
Summary: Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity; and protein heterodimerization activity. Contributes to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation; generation of neurons; and protein stabilization. Located in nucleus. Part of transcription regulator complex. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelium; follicle cell; imaginal disc; presumptive embryonic/larval system; and salivary gland. Used to study Pitt-Hopkins syndrome and developmental disorder of mental health. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy; Lynch syndrome; Pitt-Hopkins syndrome; agammaglobulinemia (multiple); and craniosynostosis. Orthologous to several human genes including TCF4 (transcription factor 4). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 31D11-31E1; 2-41 cM

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2L	NT_033779.5 (10388105..10393228)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2L	NT_033779.4 (10388105..10393228)

Chromosome 2L - NT_033779.5 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Daughterless, the Drosophila orthologue of TCF4, is required for associative learning and maintenance of the synaptic proteome.
Title: Daughterless, the Drosophila orthologue of TCF4, is required for associative learning and maintenance of the synaptic proteome.
provides initial insights into the mechanisms underlying the function of daughterless and Emc in neurons while providing a novel understanding of how Emc functions to restrict daughterless activity within the cell
Title: Extramacrochaetae promotes branch and bouton number via the sequestration of daughterless in the cytoplasm of neurons.
Daughterless level sets Emc protein levels in most cells, apparently by stabilizing Emc in heterodimers. Emc is destabilized in proneural regions by local competition for heterodimer formation by proneural bHLH proteins including Atonal or AS-C proteins.
Title: Regulation of the Drosophila ID protein Extra macrochaetae by proneural dimerization partners.
Suppression of da by wild-type emc was essential for cell chirality formation and for normal left-right asymmetric development of the embryonic hindgut.
Title: E and ID proteins regulate cell chirality and left-right asymmetric development in Drosophila.
Daughterless and Tcf4 are expressed in postmitotic neurons in Drosophila melanogaster and mice, respectively, where they function to restrict neurite branching and synapse formation in part by restricting the expression of the cell adhesion molecule Neurexin.
Title: Type I bHLH Proteins Daughterless and Tcf4 Restrict Neurite Branching and Synapse Formation by Repressing Neurexin in Postmitotic Neurons.
Notch signaling activates the expression of extramacrochaetae (emc), which encodes a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor. Emc, in turn, then forms a biochemical complex with Da.
Title: Inhibition of Daughterless by Extramacrochaetae mediates Notch-induced cell proliferation.
Data show that bHLHb22 protein daughterless (Da) binding alters the turnover parameters of bHLHc28 protein scute (Sc).
Title: bHLH proteins involved in Drosophila neurogenesis are mutually regulated at the level of stability.
We explain this paradox by demonstrating that Da induces the differentiation factor Prospero (Pros) whose asymmetric segregation is essential for differentiation in one of the two daughter cells.
Title: A regulatory transcriptional loop controls proliferation and differentiation in Drosophila neural stem cells.
we show that during the development of epithelial cells in the imaginal discs, the G2/M transition, and hence cell proliferation, is controlled by Emc via Da. In eukaryotic cells, the main activator of this transition is the Cdc25 phosphatase, string
Title: The bHLH factors extramacrochaetae and daughterless control cell cycle in Drosophila imaginal discs through the transcriptional regulation of the Cdc25 phosphatase string.
Da transactivation domains play essential roles in neurogenesis and in E(spl)-mediated repression.
Title: Essential roles of Da transactivation domains in neurogenesis and in E(spl)-mediated repression.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
contributes_to DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
contributes_to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
contributes_to RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein dimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein heterodimerization activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chaeta morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in female sex determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hindgut development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast fate determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroendocrine cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron fate commitment	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein stabilization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein stabilization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in sensory organ development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in sensory organ development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in somatic stem cell population maintenance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of transcription regulator complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of transcription regulator complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: daughterless

Names: CG5102-PA; CG5102-PB; CG5102-PC; CG5102-PD; da-PA; da-PB; da-PC; da-PD; daughter-less; lethal (2) k08611

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033779.5 Reference assembly

Range

10388105..10393228

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001273411.1 → NP_001260340.1 daughterless, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001260340.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P11420, Q9VKX3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

C6TP22, C8VV95

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00353
Location:560 → 613

HLH; helix loop helix domain
NM_001370036.1 → NP_001356956.1 daughterless, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A4D6K5Q8, C6TP22

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00353
Location:560 → 613

HLH; helix loop helix domain
NM_057841.4 → NP_477189.1 daughterless, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_477189.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P11420, Q9VKX3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

C6TP22, C8VV95

Related

FBpp0079598

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00353
Location:560 → 613

HLH; helix loop helix domain
NM_001273412.1 → NP_001260341.1 daughterless, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001260341.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P11420, Q9VKX3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

C6TP22, C8VV95

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00353
Location:560 → 613

HLH; helix loop helix domain