rhi rhino [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: rhiprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: rhinoprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0004400
Locus tag: Dmel_CG10683
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004400
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG10683; Dmel\CG10683; HP1; hp1d; HP1d; HP1D; Rhi; RHI; Rhino; rno
Summary: Enables chromatin binding activity. Involved in chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation; piRNA transcription; and positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in nucleus. Colocalizes with heterochromatin. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic dorsal epidermis; embryonic head epidermis; embryonic ventral epidermis; embryonic/larval posterior spiracle; and ovary. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 54D2-54D2; 2-83 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (17628491..17633516, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (13515996..13521021, complement)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

we determine the crystal structures of Rhino-Deadlock complex in Drosophila melanogaster and simulans In both species, one Rhino binds the N-terminal helix-hairpin-helix motif of one Deadlock protein through a novel interface formed by the beta-sheet in the Rhino chromoshadow domain
Title: Structural insights into Rhino-Deadlock complex for germline piRNA cluster specification.
Analysis of piRNA clusters containing remnants of I-elements shows increased expression of the piRNA( PIWI-interacting RNA)precursors and enrichment by the Heterochromatin Protein 1 homolog, Rhino, in weak R strains, which is in accordance with stronger piRNA expression by these regions
Title: Natural variation of piRNA expression affects immunity to transposable elements.
Our findings may provide critical molecular insights into the recognition of piRNA clusters by Rhi.
Title: Structural insights into Rhino-mediated germline piRNA cluster formation.
Hp1d gene product can be involved in the flamenco locus primary transcript processing.
Title: Expression of hp1 family genes and their plausible role in formation of flamenco phenotype in D. melanogaster.
Analysis of piRNA clusters in the Drosophila ovary shows that hallmarks of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) transcription are fundamentally different at uni-strand versus dual-strand clusters. Genome-wide, piRNA production from dual-strand clusters requires the RDC complex consisting of Rhi, Deadlock (Del), and Cuff.
Title: The rhino-deadlock-cutoff complex licenses noncanonical transcription of dual-strand piRNA clusters in Drosophila.
Study shows that Rhi binds specifically to dual-strand clusters and that binding correlates with germline piRNA production.
Title: The HP1 homolog rhino anchors a nuclear complex that suppresses piRNA precursor splicing.
Study shows that the HP1 homolog Rhino is required for nuage organization, transposon silencing, and ping-pong amplification of piRNAs.
Title: The Drosophila HP1 homolog Rhino is required for transposon silencing and piRNA production by dual-strand clusters.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chromatin binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables methylated histone binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chromosome organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in heterochromatin formation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in piRNA transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of piRNA transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of piRNA transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
colocalizes_with heterochromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in heterochromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in pericentric heterochromatin	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: rhino

Names: CG10683-PA; heterochromatin protein 1; rhi-PA

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

17628491..17633516 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_080533.4 → NP_536794.1 rhino [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_536794.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q7JXA8

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q49BL6, Q49BL8

Related

FBpp0086056

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00024
Location:22 → 72

CHROMO; Chromatin organization modifier (chromo) domain is a conserved region of around 50 amino acids found in a variety of chromosomal proteins, which appear to play a role in the functional organization of the eukaryotic nucleus. Experimental evidence ...

cl00044
Location:357 → 411

ChSh; Chromo Shadow Domain, found in association with N-terminal chromo (CHRromatin Organization MOdifier) domain; Chromo domains mediate the interaction of the heterochromatin with other heterochromatin proteins, thereby affecting chromatin structure (e.g. ...

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein

Protein Accession	Links
Protein Accession	GenPept Link	UniProtKB Link
Q49BK5		Q49BK5
Q49BK6		Q49BK6
Q49BK7		Q49BK7
Q49BK8		Q49BK8
Q49BK9		Q49BK9
Q49BL1		Q49BL1
Q49BL2		Q49BL2
Q49BL4		Q49BL4
Q49BL8		Q49BL8
Q49BM0		Q49BM0
Q7JXA8		Q7JXA8
Q7JXA8.1