GSK3A glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GSK3Aprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: glycogen synthase kinase 3 alphaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4616
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000105723 MIM:606784; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4616
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary: This gene encodes a multifunctional Ser/Thr protein kinase that is implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, and transcription factors, such as JUN. It also plays a role in the WNT and PI3K signaling pathways, as well as regulates the production of beta-amyloid peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 26.3), testis (RPKM 18.3) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19q13.2

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	19	NC_000019.10 (42230190..42242602, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	19	NC_060943.1 (45049560..45061976, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	19	NC_000019.9 (42734342..42746754, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Targeting Gsk3a reverses immune evasion to enhance immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Title: Targeting Gsk3a reverses immune evasion to enhance immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
GSK3: A potential target and pending issues for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Title: GSK3: A potential target and pending issues for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Cardiac fibroblast GSK-3alpha aggravates ischemic cardiac injury by promoting fibrosis, inflammation, and impairing angiogenesis.
Title: Cardiac fibroblast GSK-3α aggravates ischemic cardiac injury by promoting fibrosis, inflammation, and impairing angiogenesis.
GSK3alpha Regulates Temporally Dynamic Changes in Ribosomal Proteins upon Amino Acid Starvation in Cancer Cells.
Title: GSK3α Regulates Temporally Dynamic Changes in Ribosomal Proteins upon Amino Acid Starvation in Cancer Cells.
High-throughput Oligopaint screen identifies druggable 3D genome regulators.
Title: High-throughput Oligopaint screen identifies druggable 3D genome regulators.
Deciphering the Clinical Significance and Kinase Functions of GSK3alpha in Colon Cancer by Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics.
Title: Deciphering the Clinical Significance and Kinase Functions of GSK3α in Colon Cancer by Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics.
Placental growth factor stabilizes VEGF receptor-2 protein in retinal pigment epithelial cells by downregulating glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity.
Title: Placental growth factor stabilizes VEGF receptor-2 protein in retinal pigment epithelial cells by downregulating glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity.
Glycogen synthase kinase GSK3alpha promotes tumorigenesis by activating HIF1/VEGFA signaling pathway in NSCLC tumor.
Title: Glycogen synthase kinase GSK3α promotes tumorigenesis by activating HIF1/VEGFA signaling pathway in NSCLC tumor.
Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies.
Title: Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies.
The GSK3 kinase and LZTR1 protein regulate the stability of Ras family proteins and the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.
Title: The GSK3 kinase and LZTR1 protein regulate the stability of Ras family proteins and the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (105)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Nef	nef	Incubation of human macrophages with exogenous HIV-1 Nef protein induces phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3ss, and promotes IL-10 release	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH78012 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:7453

D19S656E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:150570

D19S688E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:150587

MARC_17709-17710:1031755211:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:268383

D15S1477 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:474482

SHGC-32066 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:39032

RH11670 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:39033

STS-T55612 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:64144

RH45593 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:42969

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables AMP-activated protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS121 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AXS139 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS14 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS36 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S10 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S28 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S57 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T11 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T3 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T45 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H4S1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables signaling receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables tau protein binding	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables tau-protein kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables tau-protein kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in Wnt signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in autosome genomic imprinting	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-3	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to lithium ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in excitatory postsynaptic potential	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glycogen metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of D-glucose import	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of TOR signaling	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of TOR signaling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of heart contraction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein catabolic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of mitophagy	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of neuron projection development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in viral protein processing	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in apical dendrite	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in axon	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of beta-catenin destruction complex	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
part_of beta-catenin destruction complex	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuronal cell body	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in postsynapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in proximal dendrite	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha

Names: GSK-3 alpha; serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3A

NP_063937.2

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_019884.3 → NP_063937.2 glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_063937.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC006486, BC027984, D63424, L40027

Consensus CDS

CCDS12599.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O14959, P49840

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q68D16

Related

ENSP00000222330.3, ENST00000222330.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd14137
Location:114 → 406

STKc_GSK3; The catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

pfam00069
Location:119 → 403

Pkinase; Protein kinase domain