DNASE2 deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomal [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: DNASE2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: deoxyribonuclease 2, lysosomalprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:2960
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000105612 MIM:126350; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2960
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: DNL; DNL2; AIPCS; DNASE2A
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the DNase family. The protein, located in the lysosome, hydrolyzes DNA under acidic conditions and mediates the breakdown of DNA during erythropoiesis and apoptosis. Two codominant alleles have been characterized, DNASE2*L (low activity) and DNASE2*H (high activity), that differ at one nucleotide in the promoter region. The DNASE2*H allele is represented in this record. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 23.0), lymph node (RPKM 17.9) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19p13.13

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	19	NC_000019.10 (12875209..12881449, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	19	NC_060943.1 (12999693..13005938, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	19	NC_000019.9 (12986023..12992263, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Study of the copy number variations (CNVs) for DNASE1L3 and DNASE2 in Japanese and German populations found that only 2 diploid copy numbers for these DNASE CNVs was distributed in both populations; no copy loss or gain was evident for any of the autoimmune-related DNase genes. These human autoimmune-related DNase genes show low genetic diversity of CNVs resulting in alterations of the in vivo levels of DNase activity.
Title: Low genetic heterogeneity of copy number variations (CNVs) in the genes encoding the human deoxyribonucleases 1-like 3 and II potentially relevant to autoimmunity.
DNase2 participate in the degradation of DNA during cornification in the interfollicular epidermis of mice.Cornification of epidermal keratinocytes depends on the cooperation of DNase1L2 and DNase2.
Title: Inactivation of DNase1L2 and DNase2 in keratinocytes suppresses DNA degradation during epidermal cornification and results in constitutive parakeratosis.
Study identifies biallelic mutations in DNASE2, associated with a loss of DNase II endonuclease activity causing type I interferonopathy in three patients from two unrelated families.
Title: Type I interferon-mediated autoinflammation due to DNase II deficiency.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms producing a loss-of-function variant of the enzymes in DNASE1, DNASE1L3, and DNASE2, possibly serving as a genetic risk factor for autoimmune diseases, were confirmed.
Title: Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Genes Encoding the Human Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) Family Potentially Relevant to Autoimmunity.
15 nonsynonymous human DNase II SNPs were genotyped in three ethnic groups including 16 different populations using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.
Title: Seven nonsynonymous SNPs in the gene encoding human deoxyribonuclease II may serve as a functional SNP potentially implicated in autoimmune dysfunction.
study demonstrated the relationship of genotypes/haplotypes with the in vivo DNase II and promoter activities; significant correlations between genotype in each rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related SNP and enzymatic activity levels were found; alleles associated with RA exhibited a reduction in serum DNase II activity.
Title: Genetic and expression analysis of SNPs in the human deoxyribonuclease II: SNPs in the promoter region reduce its in vivo activity through decreased promoter activity.
The association of SNPs in the 5'-regulatory region of the DNA degrading enzyme DNASE2 with Rheumatoid Arthritis implies a role for this enzyme in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease.
Title: Homozygosity for DNASE2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 5'-regulatory region is associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Homozygosity for DNASE2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 5'-regulatory region is associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: DNase II polymorphisms associated with risk of renal disorder among systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
upregulation of expression during myelomonocytic differentiation of HL-60 and THP-1 cells
Title: Up-regulation of human deoxyribonuclease II gene expression during myelomonocytic differentiation of HL-60 and THP-1 cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome due to DNASE2 deficiency MedGen: C5676977 OMIM: 619858 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is associated with rare HLA-DQB1 and HLA-B alleles. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 upregulates the expression of lysosomal deoxyribonuclease II (DNASE2) in human B cells	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH44826 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:43356

D15S1477 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:474482

RH65998 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:46078

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables deoxyribonuclease II activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic DNA fragmentation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in enucleate erythrocyte differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha

Names: DNase II alpha; DNase II, lysosomal; R31240_2; acid DNase; deoxyribonuclease II alpha; deoxyribonuclease II, lysosomal; lysosomal DNase II

NP_001366.1

EC 3.1.22.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.