PAR1 phy rapidly regulated 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: PAR1
Official Full Name: phy rapidly regulated 1
Primary source: TAIR:AT2G42870
Locus tag: AT2G42870
See related: Araport:AT2G42870
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: F7D19.13; F7D19_13; HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 1; HLH1; PHY RAPIDLY REGULATED 1
Summary: Encodes PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED1 (PAR1), an atypical basic helix-loop-helix (bHLP) protein. Closely related to PAR2 (At3g58850). Up regulated after simulated shade perception. Acts in the nucleus to control plant development and as a negative regulator of shade avoidance response. Functions as transcriptional repressor of auxin-responsive genes SAUR15 (AT4G38850) and SAUR68 (AT1G29510).
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Genomic context

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See PAR1 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 2

Exon count:: 1

Sequence:: Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (17836416..17837618, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003071.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

both PAR1 and PAR2 redundantly enhance seedling deetiolation in multiple photoreceptor signaling pathways.
Title: Both PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED1 (PAR1) and PAR2 promote seedling photomorphogenesis in multiple light signaling pathways.
PAR1 physically interacts with two groups of typical bHLH transcription factors that are positive regulators of the hypocotyl shade avoidance syndrome response and are also required for plant viability
Title: The bHLH proteins BEE and BIM positively modulate the shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis seedlings.
These results suggest the existence of a dual mechanism for PAR1 nuclear localization.
Title: A dual mechanism controls nuclear localization in the atypical basic-helix-loop-helix protein PAR1 of Arabidopsis thaliana.
PAR1-PRE1 and PAR1-PIF4 heterodimers form a complex HLH/bHLH network regulating cell elongation and plant development in response to light and hormones.
Title: Interactions between HLH and bHLH factors modulate light-regulated plant development.
Only the HLH and the adjacent C-terminal domain of PAR1 are required for biological activity
Title: The shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis: a fundamental role for atypical basic helix-loop-helix proteins as transcriptional cofactors.
PAR1 and PAR2 act in the nucleus to broadly control plant development, acting as negative regulators of a variety of the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS)responses. [PAR1]
Title: Interaction of shade avoidance and auxin responses: a role for two novel atypical bHLH proteins.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_129848.3

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein homodimerization activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transcription coregulator activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within developmental process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within shade avoidance	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within shade avoidance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chloroplast	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: phy rapidly regulated 1

NP_565988.1

PHY RAPIDLY REGULATED 1 (PAR1); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: phy rapidly regulated 2 (TAIR:AT3G58850.1); Has 99 Blast hits to 99 proteins in 11 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 0; Metazoa - 0; Fungi - 0; Plants - 99; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 0 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

Range

17836416..17837618 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_129848.3 → NP_565988.1 phy rapidly regulated 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_565988.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9SJH0

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VRP1, A0A5S9X706

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd11444
Location:65 → 103

bHLH_AtIBH1_like; basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Arabidopsis thaliana ILI1-BINDING BHLH 1 (IBH1) and similar proteins