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    CAX1 cation exchanger 1 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 818395, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CAX1
    Official Full Name
    cation exchanger 1
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT2G38170
    Locus tag
    AT2G38170
    See related
    Araport:AT2G38170
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ATCAX1; cation exchanger 1; F16M14.10; F16M14_10; HIGH AFFINITY CALCIUM ANTIPORTER CAX1; RARE COLD INDUCIBLE 4; RCI4
    Summary
    Encodes a high affinity vacuolar calcium antiporter. The residue His 338 is critical to Ca2+ transport activity. Disruption of CAX1 reduces manganese and zinc of shoot tissue and results in a decrease in the activity of vacuolar V-type proton ATPase.
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    Genomic context

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    See CAX1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 2
    Exon count:
    9
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (15989083..15993326, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene alpha 1,4-glycosyltransferase family protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene SGNH hydrolase-type esterase superfamily protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003071.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Loss of proton/calcium exchange 1 results in the activation of plant defense and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis. Zhang W, et al. Plant Sci, 2020 Jul. PMID 32540002
    2. Expression of Arabidopsis CAX1 in tobacco: altered calcium homeostasis and increased stress sensitivity. Hirschi KD. Plant Cell, 1999 Nov. PMID 10559438, Free PMC Article
    3. Mechanism of N-terminal autoinhibition in the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1. Pittman JK, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Jul 19. PMID 12006570
    4. Mutations in CAX1 produce phenotypes characteristic of plants tolerant to serpentine soils. Bradshaw HD Jr. New Phytol, 2005 Jul. PMID 15948832
    5. Identification of a crucial histidine involved in metal transport activity in the Arabidopsis cation/H+ exchanger CAX1. Shigaki T, et al. J Biol Chem, 2005 Aug 26. PMID 15994298

    See all (27) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Blown out of the water: mutation in calcium transporter CAX1 provides anoxia tolerance in Arabidopsis.
      Title: Blown out of the water: mutation in calcium transporter CAX1 provides anoxia tolerance in Arabidopsis.
    2. Loss of proton/calcium exchange 1 results in the activation of plant defense and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.
      Title: Loss of proton/calcium exchange 1 results in the activation of plant defense and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.
    3. Expression of CAX1 and CAX3 occurs in guard cells. Additionally, CAX1 and CAX3 are co-expressed in mesophyll tissue in response to wounding or flg22 treatment, due to the induction of CAX3 expression. The authors demonstrate that CAX1 and CAX3 can form homomeric and heteromeric complexes in plants.
      Title: Heterodimerization of Arabidopsis calcium/proton exchangers contributes to regulation of guard cell dynamics and plant defense responses.
    4. cax1/cax3 mutants have a higher apoplastic pH than the wild type, further supporting the hypothesis that there is a defect in auxin import in the cax mutants.
      Title: Vacuolar CAX1 and CAX3 influence auxin transport in guard cells via regulation of apoplastic pH.
    5. Presence of Arabidopsis CAX transporters is important for normal germination and metal homeostasis within the seed.
      Title: Knockout of multiple Arabidopsis cation/H(+) exchangers suggests isoform-specific roles in metal stress response, germination and seed mineral nutrition.
    6. The role of CAX1 in elemental distribution and abundance in Arabidopsis seed.
      Title: The role of CAX1 and CAX3 in elemental distribution and abundance in Arabidopsis seed.
    7. CAX1 and CAX3 mediate a shoot-derived signal that modulates the activity of the root phosphate [P(i)] transporter system, likely in part via posttranslational regulation of PHT1;1 P(i) transporters.
      Title: Vacuolar Ca2+/H+ transport activity is required for systemic phosphate homeostasis involving shoot-to-root signaling in Arabidopsis.
    8. Shared and unique aspects of CAX1 and CAX3 calcium transport and regulation are demonstrated.
      Title: Characterization of Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ exchanger CAX3.
    9. The results indicate that the high expression of the sCAX1 gene reduces cytosolic and apoplastic Ca concentrations, affecting plasma membrane structure and leading to blossom-end rot symptom development in the fruit tissue.
      Title: Dynamic alternations in cellular and molecular components during blossom-end rot development in tomatoes expressing sCAX1, a constitutively active Ca2+/H+ antiporter from Arabidopsis.
    10. CAX1 has a primary role in Ca accumulation in the leaf mesophyll, and is important in controlling apoplastic [Ca2+], stomatal aperture, and growth.
      Title: Cell-specific vacuolar calcium storage mediated by CAX1 regulates apoplastic calcium concentration, gas exchange, and plant productivity in Arabidopsis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    NM_129373.4
    NM_179961.2
    NM_201901.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables calcium:proton antiporter activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables calcium:proton antiporter activity IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within calcium ion transport IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within calcium ion transport IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cold acclimation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within intracellular manganese ion homeostasis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within intracellular zinc ion homeostasis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phosphate ion homeostasis IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to salt stress IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chloroplast ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in plant-type vacuole HDA PubMed 
    located_in plant-type vacuole membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in vacuolar membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in vacuole IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    cation exchanger 1
    NP_181352.1
    • cation exchanger 1 (CAX1); FUNCTIONS IN: calcium:cation antiporter activity, calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity, calcium:hydrogen antiporter activity; INVOLVED IN: cold acclimation, response to salt stress, cellular zinc ion homeostasis, cellular manganese ion homeostasis, calcium ion transport; LOCATED IN: plant-type vacuole membrane, vacuolar membrane, vacuole, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Sodium/calcium exchanger membrane region (InterPro:IPR004837), Calcium/proton exchanger superfamily (InterPro:IPR004798), Calcium/proton exchanger (InterPro:IPR004713); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: cation exchanger 3 (TAIR:AT3G51860.1); Has 3042 Blast hits to 2882 proteins in 950 species: Archae - 18; Bacteria - 1703; Metazoa - 62; Fungi - 722; Plants - 217; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 320 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_850292.2
    • cation exchanger 1 (CAX1); FUNCTIONS IN: calcium:cation antiporter activity, calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity, calcium:hydrogen antiporter activity; INVOLVED IN: cold acclimation, response to salt stress, cellular zinc ion homeostasis, cellular manganese ion homeostasis, calcium ion transport; LOCATED IN: plant-type vacuole membrane, vacuolar membrane, vacuole, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Sodium/calcium exchanger membrane region (InterPro:IPR004837), Calcium/proton exchanger (InterPro:IPR004713); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: cation exchanger 3 (TAIR:AT3G51860.1); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_973630.1
    • cation exchanger 1 (CAX1); FUNCTIONS IN: calcium:cation antiporter activity, calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity, calcium:hydrogen antiporter activity; INVOLVED IN: cold acclimation, response to salt stress, cellular zinc ion homeostasis, cellular manganese ion homeostasis, calcium ion transport; LOCATED IN: plant-type vacuole membrane, vacuolar membrane, vacuole, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Sodium/calcium exchanger membrane region (InterPro:IPR004837), Calcium/proton exchanger superfamily (InterPro:IPR004798), Calcium/proton exchanger (InterPro:IPR004713); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: cation exchanger 3 (TAIR:AT3G51860.1); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      15989083..15993326 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_129373.4 → NP_181352.1  cation exchanger 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_181352.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O80442, Q39253, Q56WC8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178VT99, A0A384LBU8, M5BEC1, M5BEG1, M5BEG5, M5BF18, M5BFB1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR00846
      Location:69 → 431
      caca2; calcium/proton exchanger

    2. NM_179961.2 → NP_850292.2  cation exchanger 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_850292.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F4IS06
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      TIGR00846
      Location:69 → 354
      caca2; calcium/proton exchanger
      pfam01699
      Location:97 → 257
      Na_Ca_ex; Sodium/calcium exchanger protein

    3. NM_201901.4 → NP_973630.1  cation exchanger 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_973630.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B9DFT4, M5BEC1, M5BEG5
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      TIGR00846
      Location:69 → 431
      caca2; calcium/proton exchanger
      pfam01699
      Location:287 → 432
      Na_Ca_ex; Sodium/calcium exchanger protein
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q39253.3

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