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    PID Protein kinase superfamily protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 818030, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PID
    Official Full Name
    Protein kinase superfamily protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT2G34650
    Locus tag
    AT2G34650
    See related
    Araport:AT2G34650
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ABR; ABRUPTUS; PINOID; PROTEIN KINASE PINOID; T31E10.1; T31E10_1
    Summary
    Encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase that may act as a positive regulator of cellular auxin efflux, as a a binary switch for PIN polarity, and as a negative regulator of auxin signaling. Recessive mutants exhibit similar phenotypes as pin-formed mutants in flowers and inflorescence but distinct phenotypes in cotyledons and leaves. Expressed in the vascular tissue proximal to root and shoot meristems, shoot apex, and embryos. Expression is induced by auxin. Overexpression of the gene results in phenotypes in the root and shoot similar to those found in auxin-insensitive mutants. The protein physically interacts with TCH3 (TOUCH3) and PID-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (PBP1), a previously uncharacterized protein containing putative EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. Acts together with ENP (ENHANCER OF PINOID) to instruct precursor cells to elaborate cotyledons in the transition stage embryo. Interacts with PDK1. PID autophosphorylation is required for the ability of PID to phosphorylate an exogenous substrate. PID activation loop is required for PDK1-dependent PID phosphorylation and requires the PIF domain. Negative regulator of root hair growth. PID kinase activity is critical for the inhibition of root hair growth and for maintaining the proper subcellular localization of PID.
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    Genomic context

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    See PID in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 2
    Exon count:
    2
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (14589736..14592140, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Mitochondrial transcription termination factor family protein Neighboring gene geranyl diphosphate synthase 1 Neighboring gene plastid transcriptionally active 12 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene multidrug resistance-associated protein 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003071.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Regulation of auxin response by the protein kinase PINOID. Christensen SK, et al. Cell, 2000 Feb 18. PMID 10693763
    2. The PINOID protein kinase regulates organ development in Arabidopsis by enhancing polar auxin transport. Benjamins R, et al. Development, 2001 Oct. PMID 11641228
    3. PINOID kinase regulates root gravitropism through modulation of PIN2-dependent basipetal auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Sukumar P, et al. Plant Physiol, 2009 Jun. PMID 19363095, Free PMC Article
    4. PIN-FORMED1 and PINOID regulate boundary formation and cotyledon development in Arabidopsis embryogenesis. Furutani M, et al. Development, 2004 Oct. PMID 15371311
    5. A PINOID-dependent binary switch in apical-basal PIN polar targeting directs auxin efflux. Friml J, et al. Science, 2004 Oct 29. PMID 15514156

    See all (31) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Two Auxin Response Elements Fine-Tune PINOID Expression During Gynoecium Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
      Title: Two Auxin Response Elements Fine-Tune PINOID Expression During Gynoecium Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    2. PID, but not D6PK, can also induce PIN1 polarity shifts, seemingly through phosphorylation at S1-S3. Phosphosite preferences are not sufficient to explain these differential effects of D6PK and PID on PIN1 polarity.
      Title: Dynamic PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier phosphorylation at the plasma membrane controls auxin efflux-dependent growth.
    3. CK2 also plays a key role in the transcriptional regulation of PINOID (PID), an AGC protein kinase that modulates the apical/basal localization of auxin-efflux transporters.
      Title: The Protein Kinase CK2 Mediates Cross-Talk between Auxin- and Salicylic Acid-Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of PINOID Transcription.
    4. PID is necessary for phytochrome-mediated enhancement of hypocotyl phototropism in Arabidopsis.
      Title: PINOID AGC kinases are necessary for phytochrome-mediated enhancement of hypocotyl phototropism in Arabidopsis.
    5. PIN-mediated auxin transport is directly activated by D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) and PINOID (PID)/WAG kinases of the Arabidopsis AGCVIII kinase family
      Title: Auxin efflux by PIN-FORMED proteins is activated by two different protein kinases, D6 PROTEIN KINASE and PINOID.
    6. Both PIN3 polarization and hypocotyl bending require the activity of the trafficking regulator GNOM and the protein kinase PINOID.
      Title: Polarization of PIN3-dependent auxin transport for hypocotyl gravitropic response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    7. Interaction between the PINOID/ABRUPTUS gene with the AGAMOUS gene: the negative regulator of stem cells in the meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana flower
      Title: [Interaction between the PINOID/ABRUPTUS gene with the AGAMOUS gene: the negative regulator of stem cells in the meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana flower].
    8. show that PID, WAG1 and WAG2, and not other plant AGC kinases, instruct recruitment of PINs into the apical recycling pathway by phosphorylating the middle serine in three conserved TPRXS(N/S) motifs within the PIN central hydrophilic loop
      Title: Plasma membrane-bound AGC3 kinases phosphorylate PIN auxin carriers at TPRXS(N/S) motifs to direct apical PIN recycling.
    9. PID regulates PIN1 polar localization through reversible phosphorylation.
      Title: Phosphorylation of conserved PIN motifs directs Arabidopsis PIN1 polarity and auxin transport.
    10. Interaction between the ABRUPTUS/PINOID and APETALA1 genes regulating the inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana
      Title: [Interaction between the ABRUPTUS/PINOID and APETALA1 genes regulating the inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana].
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    NM_129019.5

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables kinase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within auxin polar transport IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within auxin-activated signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cotyledon development IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cotyledon development IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phyllome development IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive gravitropism IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to auxin IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within root hair elongation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within root hair initiation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in apical plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cell periphery IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cell surface IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    Protein kinase superfamily protein
    NP_181012.1
    • PINOID (PID); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: D6 protein kinase (TAIR:AT5G55910.1); Has 93882 Blast hits to 91860 proteins in 2892 species: Archae - 58; Bacteria - 12658; Metazoa - 35611; Fungi - 11097; Plants - 17324; Viruses - 331; Other Eukaryotes - 16803 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      14589736..14592140 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_129019.5 → NP_181012.1  Protein kinase superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_181012.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O64682
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178VTE5, A0A5S9X475, A0A654F3Z2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd05574
      Location:73 → 411
      STKc_phototropin_like; Catalytic domain of Phototropin-like Serine/Threonine Kinases
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O64682.1

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