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    Gfer growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 11692, updated on 27-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Gferprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    growth factor, augmenter of liver regenerationprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:107757
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000040888 AllianceGenome:MGI:107757
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Alr; ERV1
    Summary
    Predicted to enable flavin adenine dinucleotide binding activity and flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including liver regeneration; negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; and positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process. Located in mitochondrion. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in kidney failure and renal fibrosis. Orthologous to human GFER (growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in testis adult (RPKM 40.9), colon adult (RPKM 27.9) and 28 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Gfer in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17 A3.3; 17 12.48 cM
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 17 NC_000083.7 (24912164..24915065, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 17 NC_000083.6 (24693190..24696156, complement)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000083.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 598 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E11630 Neighboring gene synaptogyrin 3 Neighboring gene NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Neighboring gene transducin (beta)-like 3 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10937

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Imbalance in ALR ubiquitination accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Zheng M, et al. Oncogene, 2023 Jan. PMID 36434180
    2. Augmenter of liver regeneration attenuates inflammatory response in the postischemic mouse liver in vivo. Khandoga A, et al. J Surg Res, 2014 Nov. PMID 24948544
    3. [The protective effect of augmenter of liver regeneration on mice with acute liver injury by up-regulating the expression levels of regulatory T cells]. Sun H, et al. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2015 Jan. PMID 25575048
    4. Deceleration of liver regeneration by knockdown of augmenter of liver regeneration gene is associated with impairment of mitochondrial DNA synthesis in mice. Han LH, et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2015 Jul 15. PMID 25977511
    5. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) restrains concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice. Mu M, et al. Int Immunopharmacol, 2016 Jun. PMID 27085679

    See all (41) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. TMPRSS11D/ALR-mediated ER stress regulates the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the cervical cancer microenvironment.
      Title: TMPRSS11D/ALR-mediated ER stress regulates the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the cervical cancer microenvironment.
    2. Imbalance in ALR ubiquitination accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma.
      Title: Imbalance in ALR ubiquitination accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma.
    3. Augmenter of liver regeneration regulates cellular iron homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial transport of ATP-binding cassette B8.
      Title: Augmenter of liver regeneration regulates cellular iron homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial transport of ATP-binding cassette B8.
    4. Hepatic Deficiency of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Predisposes to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis.
      Title: Hepatic Deficiency of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Predisposes to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis.
    5. In gain-of-function studies using mice overexpressing the human resolvin E1 receptor (ERV1) in myeloid cells, monocyte phenotypic shifts to increased patrolling-to-inflammatory ratio controlled inflammation, reduced body weight gain and protected from hyperglycemia on high-fat diet.
      Title: ERV1 Overexpression in Myeloid Cells Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance.
    6. Study in mouse model of liver cirrhosis demonstrate that the lack of ALR aggravates liver fibrosis, probably by regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics in hepatic stellate cells.
      Title: Deficiency in augmenter of liver regeneration accelerates liver fibrosis by promoting migration of hepatic stellate cell.
    7. To test whether differences in the ratio between CHCHD4 and ALR might explain tissue-specific differences in the CHCHD4 redox state, we determined the molar ratio of both proteins in different mouse tissues. Surprisingly, ALR is superstoichiometric over CHCHD4 in most tissues.
      Title: The mitochondrial oxidoreductase CHCHD4 is present in a semi-oxidized state in vivo.
    8. role in regulating the mitochondrial fission machinery
      Title: Hepatic stimulator substance resists hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating Drp1 translocation and activation.
    9. The exogenous expression of hepatic stimulator substance (HSS was renamed augmenter of liver regeneration ALR) protected the liver from steatosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
      Title: Hepatic stimulator substance inhibits calcium overflow through the mitochondria-associated membrane compartment during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    10. this study shows that ALR can weaken ConA-induced hepatitis
      Title: Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) restrains concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (20)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein-disulfide reductase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein-disulfide reductase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cellular response to actinomycin D IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to toxic substance IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in liver development IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in liver regeneration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in liver regeneration ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrial intermembrane space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR
    Names
    augmenter of liver regeneration
    growth factor, erv1-like (augmenter of liver regeneration)
    NP_001365967.1
    NP_001365968.1
    NP_001396906.1
    NP_001396910.1
    NP_075527.2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001379038.1 → NP_001365967.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC154566, CJ043716
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3Q4EGL6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000157249.2, ENSMUST00000234235.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04777
      Location:87 → 177
      Evr1_Alr; Erv1 / Alr family

    2. NM_001379039.1 → NP_001365968.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC154566
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02107
      Location:79 → 144
      Evr1_Alr; Erv1 / Alr family

    3. NM_001409977.1 → NP_001396906.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC154566

    4. NM_001409981.1 → NP_001396910.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 5

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC154566

    5. NM_023040.4 → NP_075527.2  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_075527.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC154566
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS28492.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P56213, Q8CIF8, Q9JJE6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000049186.9, ENSMUST00000046839.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl02107
      Location:79 → 194
      Evr1_Alr; Erv1 / Alr family

    RNA

    1. NR_176925.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC154566

    2. NR_176926.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC154566

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000083.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      24912164..24915065 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_212443.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_212443.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) candidate.
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P56213.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P56213

    Gene LinkOut

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