Grn granulin precursor [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Grnprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: granulin precursorprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:61983
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000021031 AllianceGenome:RGD:61983
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: PEPI; PGRN
Summary: Predicted to enable protein-folding chaperone binding activity. Involved in several processes, including chondrocyte proliferation; positive regulation of dendritic spine development; and response to estradiol. Is active in glutamatergic synapse. Biomarker of status epilepticus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in dementia (multiple); neurodegenerative disease (multiple); neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 11; and primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Orthologous to human GRN (granulin precursor). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 882.6), Adrenal (RPKM 829.4) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10q32.1

Exon count:: 13

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	10	NC_086028.1 (87887834..87893938)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	10	NC_051345.1 (87387672..87393777)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	10	NC_005109.4 (90377103..90383207)

Chromosome 10 - NC_086028.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Sortilin is associated with progranulin deficiency and autism-like behaviors in valproic acid-induced autism rats.
Title: Sortilin is associated with progranulin deficiency and autism-like behaviors in valproic acid-induced autism rats.
Study demonstrated that the level of PGRN protein in the cerebral cortex was significantly increased after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism (ME). Furthermore, PGRN was expressed in the microglia of the ipsilateral hemisphere after ME.
Title: Involvement of Progranulin and Granulin Expression in Inflammatory Responses after Cerebral Ischemia.
PGRN is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration through interfering with IL-10 and IL-17
Title: Progranulin Is Positively Associated with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Interaction with IL-10 and IL-17 Through TNF Pathways.
MiR-29b-3p promotes chondrocyte apoptosis and facilitates the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis by targeting PGRN.
Title: MiR-29b-3p promotes chondrocyte apoptosis and facilitates the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis by targeting PGRN.
Activity-dependent secretion of pro-granulin can regulate synapse number and structure.
Title: Activity-dependent secretion of progranulin from synapses.
inappropriate expression of grn and/or p130 genes in the brains of male and female neonatal rats by perinatal exposure to phthalate/adipate esters may exert permanent effects on the hypothalamus, thereby decreasing sexual behavior after maturation
Title: Effects of perinatal exposure to phthalate/adipate esters on hypothalamic gene expression and sexual behavior in rats.
estrogen induces granulin gene expression in the hippocampus and that the product of this gene is involved in the mitogenic effects of estrogen in the dentate gyrus, although the responses to estrogen decline with age.
Title: Involvement of granulin in estrogen-induced neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D16195 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:124727

D10Wox31 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518753

D10Wox30 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:519019

RH138782 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:220869

RH128403 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:211711

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein-folding chaperone binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-folding chaperone binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein-folding chaperone binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in astrocyte activation involved in immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in astrocyte activation involved in immune response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within blastocyst hatching	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in chondrocyte proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryo implantation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of epithelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory exploration behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lysosomal lumen acidification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lysosomal lumen acidification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lysosomal lumen acidification	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lysosomal protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lysosomal transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lysosomal transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lysosomal transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in lysosome organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lysosome organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in maintenance of synapse structure	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in male mating behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in microglial cell activation involved in immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in microglial cell activation involved in immune response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of hydrolase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of innate immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of innate immune response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of microglial cell activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of microglial cell activation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of neutrophil activation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of neutrophil activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neutrophil activation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in neural precursor cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of axon regeneration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of axon regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of defense response to bacterium	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of defense response to bacterium	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of dendritic spine development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of lysosome organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of lysosome organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of lysosome organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein folding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein folding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein stabilization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of lysosome organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to estradiol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within retina development in camera-type eye	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in synaptic vesicle endocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of trophectodermal cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in endosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in extracellular region	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in late endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in late endosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in late endosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in lysosomal membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in lysosomal membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in lysosomal membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in lysosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in lysosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in presynapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in trans-Golgi network	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in trans-Golgi network	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: progranulin

Names: acrogranin; epithelin; granulins; proepithelin; prostate cancer cell-derived growth factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001145842.1 → NP_001139314.1 progranulin isoform b precursor

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

BC072469, CB731349

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

F1LMP7, Q6IN42

Related

ENSRNOP00000043881.2, ENSRNOT00000040472.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00277
Location:296 → 346

GRAN; Granulin
NM_017113.2 → NP_058809.2 progranulin isoform a precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_058809.2

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (a).

Source sequence(s)

BC072469, CB731349, CK365572, X62322

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HJK0, A6HJK1, G3V8V1

Related

ENSRNOP00000112424.1, ENSRNOT00000124158.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00277
Location:296 → 346

GRAN; Granulin