B2m beta-2 microglobulin [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: B2mprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: beta-2 microglobulinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2189
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000017123 AllianceGenome:RGD:2189
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Predicted to enable several functions, including MHC class II protein complex binding activity; peptide antigen binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in response to cadmium ion and response to xenobiotic stimulus. Located in extracellular space. Biomarker of acute kidney failure; pyelonephritis; and ureteral obstruction. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in arthritis; immunodeficiency 43; and inflammatory bowel disease. Orthologous to human B2M (beta-2-microglobulin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 5876.6), Lung (RPKM 5245.0) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3q35

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	3	NC_086021.1 (129549236..129555354)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	3	NC_051338.1 (109095740..109101764)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	3	NC_005102.4 (114087287..114093311)

Chromosome 3 - NC_086021.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

beta2-microglobulin as a biomarker of pulmonary fibrosis development in COPD patients.
Title: β2-microglobulin as a biomarker of pulmonary fibrosis development in COPD patients.
Thsi study validated the Hprt1, Actb, Mapk6 or B2m and showed that any one or combination of two of them are good reference genes for normalization of mRNA expression in qPCR experiments in the spinal cord and RVM in the CFA model of inflammatory injury.
Title: Validation of four reference genes for quantitative mRNA expression studies in a rat model of inflammatory injury.
All previously described disease manifestations in HLA-B27/Hubeta(2)m-transgenic rats arise in the absence of any functional CD8+ T cells. It seems unlikely that classic T cell recognition of HLA-B27 is of primary importance in this animal model.
Title: Spondylarthritis in HLA-B27/human beta2-microglobulin-transgenic rats is not prevented by lack of CD8.
HLA-B27 has a role in Beta 2-microglobulin amyloid deposit, as shown in transgenic rats
Title: Beta 2-microglobulin amyloid deposit in HLA-B27 transgenic rats.
Increased expresion in senescent spinal motoneurons
Title: MHC class I, beta2 microglobulin, and the INF-gamma receptor are upregulated in aged motoneurons.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH94575 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119823

RH127442 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:210752

PMC350564P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273240

PMC18810P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271733

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables MHC class II protein complex binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables peptide antigen binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables structural molecule activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables structural molecule activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within T cell differentiation in thymus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in amyloid fibril formation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in amyloid fibril formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to iron ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to iron ion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to iron(III) ion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to nicotine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to nicotine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in innate immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular iron ion homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular iron ion homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within iron ion transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in learning or memory	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in learning or memory	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organismal-level iron ion homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neurogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of neurogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of neuron projection development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell activation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell cytokine production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cellular senescence	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cellular senescence	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein homotetramerization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in protein homotetramerization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein refolding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of iron ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of iron ion transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of membrane depolarization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to cadmium ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to molecule of bacterial origin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in sensory perception of smell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of HFE-transferrin receptor complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of HFE-transferrin receptor complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of MHC class I peptide loading complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of MHC class I peptide loading complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of MHC class I protein complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of MHC class II protein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in external side of plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in late endosome membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in lysosomal membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: beta-2-microglobulin

Names: beta-2-microglobulin C-terminal fragment (55 AA)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.