Chrm2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Symbol: Chrm2provided by RGD
Full Name: cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:620023
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000046972 AllianceGenome:RGD:620023
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Acm2
Summary: Enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity. Involved in G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway and regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Located in several cellular components, including asymmetric synapse; neuronal cell body; and symmetric synapse. Is active in glutamatergic synapse; postsynaptic membrane; and presynaptic membrane. Biomarker of depressive disorder. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Chagas disease; bipolar disorder; heroin dependence; major depressive disorder; and schizophrenia. Orthologous to human CHRM2 (cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q22

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (65981136..66116128)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (65015408..65149104)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (64089028..64091090)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Reduced acetylcholine and elevated muscarinic receptor 2 in duodenal mucosa contribute to the impairment of mucus secretion in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease rats.
Title: Reduced acetylcholine and elevated muscarinic receptor 2 in duodenal mucosa contribute to the impairment of mucus secretion in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease rats.
Our results indicate that Acetylcholine (ACh) via M2 receptors, may contribute to the maintaining of the ADSCs quiescent status. These data are the first evidence that ACh, via muscarinic receptors, might contribute to control Mesenchymal stem cell derived from Adipose tissue physiology.
Title: M2 muscarinic receptor activation inhibits cell proliferation and migration of rat adipose-mesenchymal stem cells.
Data suggest that levels of CHRM2 are lower in Brodmann's area 24 from subjects with mood disorders, and it is possible that signalling by that receptor is also less in this cortical region; increasing levels of CHRM2 may be involved in the mechanisms of action of mood stabilisers and tricyclic antidepressants
Title: Changes in Muscarinic M2 Receptor Levels in the Cortex of Subjects with Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder and in Rats after Treatment with Mood Stabilisers and Antidepressants.
Long-term stimulation with autoantibodies against M2 muscarinic receptor leaded to the ventricular dilatation and gradual deterioration of cardiac dysfunction.
Title: Mitochondrial Ultrastructural Alterations and Declined M2 Receptor Density Were Involved in Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats after Long Term Treatment with Autoantibodies against M2 Muscarinic Receptor.
Neonatal hypoglycemia decreased total muscarinic receptors (p < 0.001) with reduced muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 receptor genes (p < 0.001) in one month old rats.
Title: Cortical cholinergic dysregulation as a long-term consequence of neonatal hypoglycemia.
The expression of alpha-SMA mRNA in detrusor muscle cells was 200 times higher than that in urothelial cells in controls.
Title: Laser-capture microdissection for analysis of cell type-specific gene expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the rat bladder with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.
partial agonism of the M2 muscarinic receptor is regulated by the RGS4-mediated inhibition of G-protein signalling
Title: RGS4 regulates partial agonism of the M2 muscarinic receptor-activated K+ currents.
This study demonistrated that brain cholinergic receptors and acetylcholinesterase activity in rats following early life arsenic exposure.
Title: Reversibility of changes in brain cholinergic receptors and acetylcholinesterase activity in rats following early life arsenic exposure.
Selective M1 and M4 receptor activation each improved memory.
Title: Effects of selective activation of M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors on object recognition memory performance in rats.
Hyperglycemia caused a higher expression of M2-muscarinic receptors in cardiomyocytes.
Title: Increase in cardiac M2-muscarinic receptor expression is regulated by GATA binding protein 4 (GATA-4) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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General gene information

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Markers

CHRM2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:265990

UniSTS:492976 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:492976

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables arrestin family protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of heart contraction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle contraction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle contraction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to virus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in asymmetric synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon terminus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cholinergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in dendrite	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in postsynaptic membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in presynaptic membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in symmetric synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in synapse	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Names: 7TM receptor; M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, cardiac; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2-like; muscarinic receptor m2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_031016.2 → NP_112278.2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AY571965, JAXUCZ010000004

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P10980, Q9Z2Z1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IEP6

Related

ENSRNOP00000065178.1, ENSRNOT00000075341.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd15297
Location:24 → 451

7tmA_mAChR_M2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086022.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

65981136..66116128

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_063286746.1 → XP_063142816.1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P10980, Q9Z2Z1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IEP6

Related

ENSRNOP00000082007.1, ENSRNOT00000115807.2
XM_039108421.2 → XP_038964349.1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P10980, Q9Z2Z1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IEP6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd15297
Location:24 → 451

7tmA_mAChR_M2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors