SAD2 ARM repeat superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: SAD2
Official Full Name: ARM repeat superfamily protein
Primary source: TAIR:AT2G31660
Locus tag: AT2G31660
See related: Araport:AT2G31660
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: EMA1; enhanced miRNA activity 1; SUPER SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2; T9H9.18; T9H9_18; UNARMED 9; URM9
Summary: SAD2 (super sensitive to ABA and drought 2) encodes an importin beta-domain family protein likely to be involved in nuclear transport in ABA signaling. Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged SAD2 showed a predominantly nuclear localization, consistent with a role for SAD2 in nuclear transport. Mutation of SAD2 in Arabidopsis alters abscisic acid sensitivity. SAD2 was ubiquitously expressed at low levels in all tissues except flowers. SAD2 expression was not induced by ABA or stress. Loss of function mutations in SAD2 exhibit increased tolerance for UV stress, increased production of UV protective secondary metabolites and suppression of nuclear localization of MYB4 (a repressor of UV stress response genes). Regulates microRNA activity.
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Genomic context

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See SAD2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 2

Exon count:: 22

Sequence:: Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (13464294..13471867)

Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003071.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Regulation of FLC nuclear import by coordinated action of the NUP62-subcomplex and importin beta SAD2.
Title: Regulation of FLC nuclear import by coordinated action of the NUP62-subcomplex and importin β SAD2.
Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Key Defense Genes and Signaling Pathways Mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana Gene SAD2 in Response to Infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000.
Title: Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Key Defense Genes and Signaling Pathways Mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana Gene SAD2 in Response to Infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000.
The nuclear transporter SAD2 plays a role in calcium- and H2 O2 -mediated cell death in Arabidopsis.
Title: The nuclear transporter SAD2 plays a role in calcium- and H(2) O(2) -mediated cell death in Arabidopsis.
EMA1 modulates miRNA activity by influencing the loading of miRNAs into AGO1 complexes. These results implicate EMA1 as a negative regulator of the miRNA pathway and reveal a novel layer of miRNA activity modulation.
Title: An importin β protein negatively regulates MicroRNA activity in Arabidopsis.
Expression levels of GL1, MYB23, GL2 and TTG1 were reduced in shoots of sad2 mutants while expression levels of GL3 and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3) were enhanced.
Title: SAD2 in Arabidopsis functions in trichome initiation through mediating GL3 function and regulating GL1, TTG1 and GL2 expression.
Arabidopsis thaliana mutant sensitive to ABA and drought2 (sad2), which harbors a T-DNA insertion in an importin beta-like gene, is more tolerant to UV-B radiation than the wild type.
Title: SAD2, an importin -like protein, is required for UV-B response in Arabidopsis by mediating MYB4 nuclear trafficking.
SAD2 plays a specific role in nuclear transport in ABA signaling. [SAD2]
Title: Mutation of SAD2, an importin beta-domain protein in Arabidopsis, alters abscisic acid sensitivity.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_128723.3

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables small GTPase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein import into nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: ARM repeat superfamily protein

NP_180724.2

SUPER SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2 (SAD2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein transporter activity, binding; INVOLVED IN: protein import into nucleus, docking, protein import into nucleus; LOCATED IN: nucleus, nuclear pore, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Importin-beta, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR001494), Armadillo-like helical (InterPro:IPR011989), Armadillo-type fold (InterPro:IPR016024), Exportin/Importin, Cse1-like (InterPro:IPR013713); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: ARM repeat superfamily protein (TAIR:AT3G59020.1); Has 3689 Blast hits to 2792 proteins in 293 species: Archae - 3; Bacteria - 183; Metazoa - 1271; Fungi - 834; Plants - 368; Viruses - 60; Other Eukaryotes - 970 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

Range

13464294..13471867

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_128723.3 → NP_180724.2 ARM repeat superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_180724.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

F4IRR2, Q56W71, Q8GZ12, Q9SIP2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VVG4, A0A5S9X346, A0A654EZ13

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG5656
Location:13 → 901

SXM1; Importin, protein involved in nuclear import [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]

sd00044
Location:413 → 449

HEAT; HEAT repeat [structural motif]