EFS histone-lysine N-methyltransferase [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: EFS
Official Full Name: histone-lysine N-methyltransferase
Primary source: TAIR:AT1G77300
Locus tag: AT1G77300
See related: Araport:AT1G77300
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ASH1 HOMOLOG 2; ASHH2; CAROTENOID CHLOROPLAST REGULATORY1; CCR1; EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS; LAZ2; LAZARUS 2; SDG8; SET DOMAIN GROUP 8; T14N5.15; T14N5_15
Summary: Encodes a protein with histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity required specifically for the trimethylation of H3-K4 in FLC chromatin (and not in H3-K36 dimethylation). Acts as an inhibitor of flowering specifically involved in the autonomous promotion pathway. EFS also regulates the expression of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis.Modification of histone methylation at the CRTISO locus reduces transcript levels 90%. The increased shoot branching seen in some EFS mutants is likely due to the carotenoid biosynthesis defect having an effect on stringolactones.Required for ovule, embryo sac, anther and pollen development.
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Genomic context

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See EFS in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 1

Exon count:: 18

Sequence:: Chromosome: 1; NC_003070.9 (29039922..29049454, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_003070.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003070.9

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

findings provide first structural insights into the molecular basis for specific recognition of monomethylated H3K4 by the H3K4me1 reader protein SDG8 from Arabidopsis.
Title: Uncovering the mechanistic basis for specific recognition of monomethylated H3K4 by the CW domain of Arabidopsis histone methyltransferase SDG8.
both maternal and paternal EFS alleles are responsible for the seed size regulation
Title: EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS (EFS) regulates the seed size in Arabidopsis.
Data indicate that FRIGIDA protein (FRI) as an activator of EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS protein EFS (EFS) and that EFS was a histone H3 Lys36-specific methyltransferase.
Title: Arabidopsis FRIGIDA stimulates EFS histone H3 Lys36 methyltransferase activity.
SDG8 and SDG25 contribute to plant immunity directly through HLM or indirectly through H2Bubn and by regulating expression of plant immunity genes, accumulation of lipids, biosynthesis of carotenoids, and maintenance of cuticle integrity.
Title: Global Regulation of Plant Immunity by Histone Lysine Methyl Transferases.
We show that the sdg8 mutation is epistatic to the sdg26 one, leading to a sdg8 sdg26 double mutant exhibiting defects similar to sdg8 (reduced level of H3K36me3, increased level of H3K36me1, reduced plant body size, early flowering
Title: Interplay of the histone methyltransferases SDG8 and SDG26 in the regulation of transcription and plant flowering and development.
review of role in gene activation
Title: ATX1/AtCOMPASS and the H3K4me3 marks: how do they activate Arabidopsis genes?
SDG8 plays an essential role in mediating BR-regulated gene expression
Title: Histone lysine methyltransferase SDG8 is involved in brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.
EFS is necessary for high-level expression of PIF1 mRNA in imbibed seeds.
Title: A histone methyltransferase inhibits seed germination by increasing PIF1 mRNA expression in imbibed seeds.
The observations demonstrate a functional cooperative interplay between SDG8 and an EMF2-containing PcG complex in maintaining vegetative cell identity by repressing seed genes to promote seedling development.
Title: Synergistic repression of the embryonic programme by SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 and EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2 in Arabidopsis seedlings.
provide evidence that ASHH2 is acting on H3K4me-marked genes, allowing for ASHH2-dependent H3K36 tri-methylation, which contributes to sustained expression of tissue-specific and developmentally regulated genes.
Title: The CW domain, a new histone recognition module in chromatin proteins.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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NM_001084367.2

Supported by ESTs:

NM_106379.9

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables SUMO binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
NOT enables histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within anther development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within carotenoid metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryo sac development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within epigenetic regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of flower development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within pollen development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of programmed cell death	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to nitrate starvation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within secondary shoot formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: histone-lysine N-methyltransferase

NP_001077836.1

EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS (EFS); FUNCTIONS IN: histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific); INVOLVED IN: in 10 processes; LOCATED IN: nucleus; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: SET domain (InterPro:IPR001214), Post-SET domain (InterPro:IPR003616), AWS (InterPro:IPR006560), Zinc finger, CW-type (InterPro:IPR011124); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: SET domain group 26 (TAIR:AT1G76710.2); Has 6227 Blast hits to 6009 proteins in 532 species: Archae - 3; Bacteria - 662; Metazoa - 2557; Fungi - 556; Plants - 1120; Viruses - 3; Other Eukaryotes - 1326 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_177854.6

EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS (EFS); FUNCTIONS IN: histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific); INVOLVED IN: in 10 processes; LOCATED IN: nucleus; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: SET domain (InterPro:IPR001214), Post-SET domain (InterPro:IPR003616), AWS (InterPro:IPR006560), Zinc finger, CW-type (InterPro:IPR011124); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: SET domain group 26 (TAIR:AT1G76710.2); Has 6189 Blast hits to 6025 proteins in 531 species: Archae - 3; Bacteria - 615; Metazoa - 2564; Fungi - 567; Plants - 1123; Viruses - 3; Other Eukaryotes - 1314 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003070.9 Reference assembly

Range

29039922..29049454 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_106379.9 → NP_177854.6 histone-lysine N-methyltransferase [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_177854.6

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A5S9WV52

Conserved Domains (4) summary

smart00570
Location:975 → 1025

AWS; associated with SET domains

smart00317
Location:1026 → 1146

SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain

smart00508
Location:1152 → 1167

PostSET; Cysteine-rich motif following a subset of SET domains

pfam07496
Location:864 → 910

zf-CW; CW-type Zinc Finger
NM_001084367.2 → NP_001077836.1 histone-lysine N-methyltransferase [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001077836.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A9QA57, O80663, Q2LAE1, Q56WW4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

F4I6Z9

Conserved Domains (4) summary

smart00570
Location:975 → 1025

AWS; associated with SET domains

smart00317
Location:1026 → 1146

SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain

smart00508
Location:1152 → 1167

PostSET; Cysteine-rich motif following a subset of SET domains

pfam07496
Location:864 → 910

zf-CW; CW-type Zinc Finger