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    Pakap paralemmin A kinase anchor protein [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 677884, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Pakapprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    paralemmin A kinase anchor proteinprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:5141924
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000038729 Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000089945 Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000090053 AllianceGenome:MGI:5141924
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Akap2; PRKA2; Palm2; pEN70; 53-H12; AKAP-2; R75368; AKAP-KL; Gm20459; AA959716; AI649048; B130066I24; Palm2Akap2; Palm2akap2; Palm2-Akap2; B230340M18Rik
    Summary
    This locus represents naturally occurring readthrough transcription between the neighboring Palm2 (paralemmin 2) and Akap2 (A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 2) genes on chromosome 4. The readthrough transcript encodes a fusion protein that shares sequence identity with each individual gene product. Similar readthrough transcription has also been observed in human, as described in PMID: 11478809. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]
    Expression
    Broad expression in lung adult (RPKM 57.1), adrenal adult (RPKM 18.2) and 20 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Pakap in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    4 B3; 4 31.66 cM
    Exon count:
    14
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 4 NC_000070.7 (57434475..57896984)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 4 NC_000070.6 (57434475..57896984)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000070.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene Neighboring gene predicted gene 12538 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10332 Neighboring gene predicted gene 12539 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm1344 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm27 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10335 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr4:57653270-57653423 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 52699 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E4625 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10338 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10341 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10342 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 35099 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10344 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr4:57794869-57795170 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr4:57825880-57826033 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E9586 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm261 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_10349 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr4:57893009-57893310 Neighboring gene RIKEN cDNA D630039A03 gene Neighboring gene predicted gene, 26138 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 42293

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 2 Promotes Protection against Myocardial Infarction. Maric D, et al. Cells, 2021 Oct 23. PMID 34831084, Free PMC Article
    2. Gene trap insertional mutagenesis in mice: new vectors and germ line mutations in two novel genes. Neilan EG, et al. Transgenic Res, 1999. PMID 10767988
    3. A-kinase anchoring protein 2 is required for calcitonin-mediated invasion of cancer cells. Thakkar A, et al. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2016 Jan. PMID 26432469, Free PMC Article
    4. Distinct interaction modes of an AKAP bound to two regulatory subunit isoforms of protein kinase A revealed by amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange. Burns-Hamuro LL, et al. Protein Sci, 2005 Dec. PMID 16260760, Free PMC Article
    5. AKAP2 anchors PKA with aquaporin-0 to support ocular lens transparency. Gold MG, et al. EMBO Mol Med, 2012 Jan. PMID 22095752, Free PMC Article

    See all (37) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 2 Promotes Protection against Myocardial Infarction.
      Title: A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 2 Promotes Protection against Myocardial Infarction.
    2. Knocking down akap2 expression remarkably decreased tumorigenicity and metastatic ability of prostate cancer cells. AKAP2 may serve as a critical component of Calcitonin receptor-mediated oncogenic actions.
      Title: A-kinase anchoring protein 2 is required for calcitonin-mediated invasion of cancer cells.
    3. The AKAP2 protein is direct phosphorylation within a regulatory region of aquaporin-0 to modulate water permeability.
      Title: AKAP2 anchors PKA with aquaporin-0 to support ocular lens transparency.
    4. distinct modes of AKAP binding may contribute to the more discriminating nature of the RIalpha (protein kinase A isoform) and AKAP docking surface
      Title: Distinct interaction modes of an AKAP bound to two regulatory subunit isoforms of protein kinase A revealed by amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (1) 
    • Targeted (1)  1 citation

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC5810, KIAA0920, MGC130608

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein domain specific binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein kinase A binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein-containing complex binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within actin filament organization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein localization IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell shape IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in apical plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    part_of protein-containing complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in side of membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    paralemmin-2
    Names
    A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 2
    A-kinase anchor protein 2
    AKAP expressed in kidney and lung
    Palm2-Akap2 readthrough transcript
    Protein kinase A-anchoring protein 2
    paralemmin 2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001035532.2 → NP_001030609.1  paralemmin-2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001030609.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks an alternate exon that results in a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK046082, AK147420, AL840629
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS18203.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2API8
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000103224.4, ENSMUST00000107598.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15304
      Location:731 → 872
      AKAP2_C; A-kinase anchor protein 2 C-terminus

    2. NM_001035533.2 → NP_001030610.1  paralemmin-2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001030610.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform (1). The 5' UTR is incomplete due to a lack of 5'-complete transcripts representing this variant and the presence of splicing ambiguity in the 5' region.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK046082, AL840629, AW489512
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS18204.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2API8
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000048678.6, ENSMUST00000043456.12
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15304
      Location:608 → 885
      AKAP2_C; A-kinase anchor protein 2 C-terminus

    3. NM_001304544.1 → NP_001291473.1  paralemmin-2 isoform 6

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK077020, AL772312, AL840629, BF469297
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7AA26
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG1196
      Location:1 → 129
      Smc; Chromosome segregation ATPase [Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning]
      pfam03285
      Location:67 → 131
      Paralemmin
      pfam15304
      Location:683 → 1068
      AKAP2_C; A-kinase anchor protein 2 C-terminus

    4. NM_001384149.1 → NP_001371078.1  paralemmin-2 isoform 7

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL772312, AL772328, AL954706
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG1196
      Location:2 → 131
      Smc; Chromosome segregation ATPase [Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning]
      pfam03285
      Location:69 → 378
      Paralemmin

    5. NM_001384150.1 → NP_001371079.1  paralemmin-2 isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL772312, AL840629
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2APJ4, O54931, O54932, O54933, Q8BR92, Q8C5W1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7AA26
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000117466.2, ENSMUST00000150412.4
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG1196
      Location:1 → 129
      Smc; Chromosome segregation ATPase [Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning]
      pfam03285
      Location:67 → 131
      Paralemmin
      pfam15304
      Location:804 → 1081
      AKAP2_C; A-kinase anchor protein 2 C-terminus

    6. NM_001384157.1 → NP_001371086.1  paralemmin-2 isoform 8

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL772312, AL772328, AL840629
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7AA26
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG1196
      Location:2 → 131
      Smc; Chromosome segregation ATPase [Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning]
      pfam03285
      Location:69 → 133
      Paralemmin
      pfam15304
      Location:806 → 1083
      AKAP2_C; A-kinase anchor protein 2 C-terminus

    7. NM_009649.3 → NP_033779.2  paralemmin-2 isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033779.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks two alternate exons that result in a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK041873, AK046082, AL840629
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS18205.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8C9L6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000099967.2, ENSMUST00000102903.8

    8. NM_172868.3 → NP_766456.1  paralemmin-2 isoform 5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_766456.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK045344, AL954706, BM938241
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS18202.1
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000099968.4, ENSMUST00000102904.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03285
      Location:67 → 376
      Paralemmin; Paralemmin

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000070.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      57434475..57896984
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version

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