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    sd scalloped [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 32536, updated on 17-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    sdprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    scallopedprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0003345
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG8544
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003345
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    anon-EST:Liang-2.14; CG8544; clone 2.14; Dmel\CG8544; DROEXO; DROEXO2; EP(X)1088; EP1088; l(1)G0239; l(1)G0262; l(1)G0309; l(1)G0315; l(1)G0483; l(1)HF394; l(1)III; Sd; SD; sp; TEAD
    Summary
    Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; and transcription coregulator binding activity. Involved in several processes, including imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis; negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation; and regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in nucleus. Part of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex. Is expressed in several structures, including ganglia; imaginal disc; myoblast; sense organ; and somatic muscle cell. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy. Orthologous to several human genes including TEAD3 (TEA domain transcription factor 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    13F1-13F5; 1-52 cM
    Exon count:
    18
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) X NC_004354.4 (15804370..15827682)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) X NC_004354.3 (15698403..15721714)

    Chromosome X - NC_004354.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Peptidoglycan recognition protein LE Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR44384 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Clathrin heavy chain Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR32582

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The scalloped gene encodes a novel, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor required for sensory organ differentiation in Drosophila. Campbell S, et al. Genes Dev, 1992 Mar. PMID 1547938
    2. Cloning and characterization of the scalloped region of Drosophila melanogaster. Campbell SD, et al. Genetics, 1991 Feb. PMID 1706292, Free PMC Article
    3. Ca(2+)-calpains axis regulates Yki stability and activity in Drosophila. Zhai C, et al. J Genet Genomics, 2024 Oct. PMID 38663479
    4. Scalloped a member of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway controls mushroom body size in Drosophila brain by non-canonical regulation of neuroblast proliferation. Rohith BN, et al. Dev Biol, 2017 Dec 15. PMID 29080790
    5. Developmental Deformity Due to scalloped Non-Function in Drosophila Brain Leads to Cognitive Impairment. Rohith BN, et al. Dev Neurobiol, 2019 Mar. PMID 30676700

    See all (411) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Biochemical properties of VGLL4 from Homo sapiens and Tgi from Drosophila melanogaster and possible biological implications.
      Title: Biochemical properties of VGLL4 from Homo sapiens and Tgi from Drosophila melanogaster and possible biological implications.
    2. Two central players in controlling Hippo-dependent gene expression are the TEAD transcription factor Scalloped (Sd) and its transcriptional co-activator Yorkie (Yki).
      Title: Opposing transcriptional and post-transcriptional roles for Scalloped in binary Hippo-dependent neural fate decisions.
    3. In this study, the authors identify Nerfin-1 as a transcriptional repressor that antagonizes the activity of the Sd-Yki complex by binding to the TEA DNA-binding domain of Sd. Consistent with its biochemical function, ectopic expression of Nerfin-1 results in tissue undergrowth in an Sd-dependent manner.
      Title: Nerfin-1 represses transcriptional output of Hippo signaling in cell competition.
    4. Scalloped (Sd) and Nervous fingers-1 (Nerfin-1) transcription factors physically and functionally interact to maintain medulla neuron fate in the Drosophila melanogaster central nervous system.
      Title: The Scalloped and Nerfin-1 Transcription Factors Cooperate to Maintain Neuronal Cell Fate.
    5. These findings suggest that spatiotemporal expression of transcription factor Sd induces differential growth regulation by Yki during wing disc development, highlighting coordination between Yki and CycE to control growth and maintain homeostasis.
      Title: Differential Regulation of Cyclin E by Yorkie-Scalloped Signaling in Organ Development.
    6. DNA-binding transcription factor Scalloped mediates both Yorkie overexpression and loss-of-function phenotypes yet is itself dispensable for normal eye development
      Title: Validating upstream regulators of Yorkie activity in Hippo signaling through scalloped-based genetic epistasis.
    7. found that human E2F1 competes with YAP for TEAD1 binding, affecting YAP activity, indicating that this mode of cross-regulation is conserved
      Title: A Balance of Yki/Sd Activator and E2F1/Sd Repressor Complexes Controls Cell Survival and Affects Organ Size.
    8. Data show that Yorkie (Yki) and Scalloped (Sd) are required for epidermal wound closure in the larval epidermis.
      Title: Yorkie regulates epidermal wound healing in Drosophila larvae independently of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
    9. Vestigial protein phosphorylation of serine 215 occurs in the nucleus and requires the presence of Scalloped.
      Title: The activity of the Drosophila Vestigial protein is modified by Scalloped-dependent phosphorylation.
    10. Data indicate that the TEAD family transcription factor Scalloped (Scalloped) regulates PDGF/VEGFR receptor (Pvr) expression.
      Title: The TEAD family transcription factor Scalloped regulates blood progenitor maintenance and proliferation in Drosophila through PDGF/VEGFR receptor (Pvr) signaling.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (28)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein domain specific binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transcription coactivator binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transcription corepressor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cardiac muscle cell development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in compound eye morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in embryonic organ development IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in hippo signaling IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in hippo signaling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of heart morphogenesis IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in sensory organ development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in somatic muscle development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in stem cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in wing disc development IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in wing disc development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of transcription regulator complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    scalloped
    Names
    CG8544-PA
    CG8544-PB
    CG8544-PC
    CG8544-PD
    CG8544-PE
    CG8544-PF
    CG8544-PG
    CG8544-PH
    CG8544-PI
    CG8544-PJ
    CG8544-PK
    CG8544-PL
    CG8544-PM
    CG8544-PN
    CG8544-PO
    CG8544-PP
    CG8544-PQ
    CG8544-PR
    CG8544-PS
    CG8544-PT
    CG8544-PU
    CG8544-PV
    sd-PA
    sd-PB
    sd-PC
    sd-PD
    sd-PE
    sd-PF
    sd-PG
    sd-PH
    sd-PI
    sd-PJ
    sd-PK
    sd-PL
    sd-PM
    sd-PN
    sd-PO
    sd-PP
    sd-PQ
    sd-PR
    sd-PS
    sd-PT
    sd-PU
    sd-PV
    spatula

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      15804370..15827682
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001316637.1 → NP_001303566.1  scalloped, isoform U [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY5, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:63 → 130
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:199 → 407
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    2. NM_001258767.2 → NP_001245696.1  scalloped, isoform J [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245696.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY5, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:63 → 130
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:199 → 407
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    3. NM_001258772.2 → NP_001245701.1  scalloped, isoform O [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245701.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY5, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:63 → 130
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:199 → 407
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    4. NM_001258773.2 → NP_001245702.1  scalloped, isoform P [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245702.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY5, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:63 → 130
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:199 → 407
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    5. NM_001103519.3 → NP_001096989.1  scalloped, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001096989.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY5, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:63 → 130
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:199 → 407
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    6. NM_001258768.1 → NP_001245697.1  scalloped, isoform K [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245697.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30052, Q9VXN7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY9, F3YDC4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:229 → 437
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    7. NM_001298370.1 → NP_001285299.1  scalloped, isoform T [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001285299.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F3YDC4, X2JFL9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:23 → 90
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:164 → 372
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    8. NM_001382196.1 → NP_001368984.1  scalloped, isoform V [Drosophila melanogaster]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6H2EE76
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:224 → 432
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    9. NM_001258770.3 → NP_001245699.1  scalloped, isoform M [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245699.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E1JJ99, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:224 → 432
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    10. NM_001258771.3 → NP_001245700.1  scalloped, isoform N [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245700.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q058U0, Q8IR25
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00426
      Location:23 → 90
      TEA; TEA domain

    11. NM_078614.5 → NP_511169.1  scalloped, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_511169.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30052, Q9VXN7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY9, F3YDC4
      Related
      FBpp0073914
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:229 → 437
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    12. NM_001103520.3 → NP_001096990.1  scalloped, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001096990.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30052, Q9VXN7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY9, F3YDC4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:229 → 437
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    13. NM_001169290.2 → NP_001162761.1  scalloped, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001162761.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E1JJ99, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:224 → 432
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    14. NM_001103522.3 → NP_001096992.1  scalloped, isoform G [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001096992.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30052, Q9VXN7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY9, F3YDC4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:229 → 437
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    15. NM_167465.3 → NP_727900.1  scalloped, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_727900.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q058U0, Q8IR25
      Related
      FBpp0073915
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00426
      Location:23 → 90
      TEA; TEA domain

    16. NM_001169291.2 → NP_001162762.1  scalloped, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001162762.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E1JJ99, Q058U0
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:224 → 432
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    17. NM_001103521.3 → NP_001096991.1  scalloped, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001096991.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30052, Q9VXN7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY9, F3YDC4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:229 → 437
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    18. NM_001272654.2 → NP_001259583.1  scalloped, isoform S [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259583.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30052, Q9VXN7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY9, F3YDC4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:229 → 437
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    19. NM_001272653.2 → NP_001259582.1  scalloped, isoform R [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259582.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30052, Q9VXN7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8JUY9, F3YDC4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00426
      Location:88 → 155
      TEA; TEA domain
      pfam17725
      Location:229 → 437
      YBD; YAP binding domain

    20. NM_001258769.2 → NP_001245698.1  scalloped, isoform L [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245698.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q058U0, Q8IR25
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00426
      Location:23 → 90
      TEA; TEA domain

    21. NM_001272652.1 → NP_001259581.1  scalloped, isoform Q [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001259581.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PH78
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00426
      Location:23 → 90
      TEA; TEA domain

    22. NM_206727.3 → NP_996450.1  scalloped, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996450.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q058U0, Q8IR25
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00426
      Location:23 → 90
      TEA; TEA domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    A0A6H2EE76 A0A6H2EE76
    A8JUY5 A8JUY5
    A8JUY9 A8JUY9
    E1JJ99 E1JJ99
    M9PH78 M9PH78
    P30052.1 P30052
    Q8IR25 Q8IR25
    Q8SZ20 Q8SZ20
    X2JFL9 X2JFL9

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