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    CAST calpastatin [ Bos taurus (domestic cattle) ]

    Gene ID: 281039, updated on 27-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CASTprovided by VGNC
    Official Full Name
    calpastatinprovided by VGNC
    Primary source
    VGNC:VGNC:26790
    See related
    BGD:BT19504; Ensembl:ENSBTAG00000000874
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Bos taurus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See CAST in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 7
    Exon count:
    36
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_12 current ARS-UCD2.0 (GCF_002263795.3) 7 NC_037334.1 (96034550..96167158)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_037334.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC104968993 Neighboring gene proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC132345827 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC132345826 Neighboring gene endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 Neighboring gene endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_037334.1 Chromosome 7 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Dominette sequence data
    • BioProject: PRJNA294306
    • Analysis date: Tue Dec 17 08:57:05 2024

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Effects of genetic variants for the calpastatin gene on calpastatin activity and meat tenderness in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Chung H, et al. Meat Sci, 2012 Mar. PMID 22119671
    2. The bovine calpastatin gene promoter and a new N-terminal region of the protein are targets for cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. Cong M, et al. J Biol Chem, 1998 Jan 2. PMID 9417129
    3. Short commuunication: Effect of dietary protein depletion and repletion on skeletal muscle calpastatin during early lactation. Cummins KA, et al. J Dairy Sci, 2004 May. PMID 15290990
    4. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the calpastatin gene with carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle. Schenkel FS, et al. J Anim Sci, 2006 Feb. PMID 16424255
    5. Significant association of the calpastatin gene with fertility and longevity in dairy cattle. Garcia MD, et al. Anim Genet, 2006 Jun. PMID 16734705

    See all (32) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Association between polymorphisms of Myf5, MSTN and CAST genes and fattening performance in Brown Swiss and Holstein cattle breeds.
      Title: Association between polymorphisms of Myf5, MSTN and CAST genes and fattening performance in Brown Swiss and Holstein cattle breeds.
    2. Most heifer reproductive traits were not significantly affected by CAST and CAPN1 markers that are widely used to improve beef tenderness by selection and breeders should not be concerned with how these markers affect reproduction and other heifer traits with the possible exception of CAPN1 effects on calving date.
      Title: μ-Calpain (CAPN1), calpastatin (CAST), and growth hormone receptor (GHR) genetic effects on Angus beef heifer performance traits and reproduction.
    3. The calpastatin gene (CAST), which is located on bovine chromosome 7 (BTAU7), is considered a strong functional candidate for meat tenderness in livestock species.
      Title: Effect of the g.98535683A>G SNP in the CAST gene on meat traits of Nellore beef cattle (Bos indicus) and their crosses with Bos taurus.
    4. These results suggest an important role of genetics in meat color variation for cattle raised under the tropic conditions.
      Title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CAPN1, CAST and MB genes with meat color of Brahman and crossbreed cattle.
    5. The suppression of calpastatin resulted in the increased expression of mu-calpain, caspases, and HSPs which in turn regulate apoptotic cell death.
      Title: Role of calpastatin in the regulation of mRNA expression of calpain, caspase, and heat shock protein systems in bovine muscle satellite cells.
    6. This work is supportive of the importance of CAPN1 and CAST for mean tenderness in beef.
      Title: CAPN1, CAST, and DGAT1 genetic effects on preweaning performance, carcass quality traits, and residual variance of tenderness in a beef cattle population selected for haplotype and allele equalization.
    7. bovine CAPN-CAST interaction were well reflected in the geometry between the pharmacophore features and its shape constraints identified using our modeled bovine CAPN1/CAST4 complex structures
      Title: Understanding the interaction determinants of CAPN1 inhibition by CAST4 from bovines using molecular modeling techniques.
    8. CAST binds and inhibits CAPN via its CAPN-inhibitor domains(CAST1-4) .CAST4 docks near the flexible active site of CAPN1, conformational changes at the interaction site after binding could be directly related to CAST4 inhibitory activity.
      Title: Homology modeling study of bovine μ-calpain inhibitor-binding domains.
    9. This work confirms the importance of CAPN1 and CAST for tenderness in beef, provides a new effect of CAST on beef tenderness, and questions the utility of GHR as a selection marker for beef quality.
      Title: μ-Calpain, calpastatin, and growth hormone receptor genetic effects on preweaning performance, carcass quality traits, and residual variance of tenderness in Angus cattle selected to increase minor haplotype and allele frequencies.
    10. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in calpastatin with muscle tenderness was studied.
      Title: A post-transcriptional mechanism regulates calpastatin expression in bovine skeletal muscle.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (25)

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    calpastatin
    Names
    calpain inhibitor
    calpastatin type I
    calpastatin type II
    calpastatin type III
    calpastatin type IV

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001030318.3 → NP_001025489.2  calpastatin isoform I

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      NKLS02000007
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG6
      Related
      ENSBTAP00000027864.7, ENSBTAT00000027864.7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:454 → 584
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor
      cl25574
      Location:15 → 257
      TOP2c; TopoisomeraseII

    2. NM_001030319.4 → NP_001025490.2  calpastatin isoform III

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      NKLS02000007
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:373 → 503
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor
      cl25574
      Location:2 → 176
      TOP2c; TopoisomeraseII

    3. NM_001030320.3 → NP_001025491.2  calpastatin isoform IV

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      NKLS02000007
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:93 → 223
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor

    4. NM_174003.2 → NP_776428.1  calpastatin isoform II

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_776428.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      AF159246
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG8, Q9XSX1
      Related
      ENSBTAP00000011029.5, ENSBTAT00000011029.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:441 → 571
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_002263795.3-RS_2024_12

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_037334.1 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

      Range
      96034550..96167158
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005209749.4 → XP_005209806.1  calpastatin isoform X3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005209806.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:454 → 584
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor
      cl25574
      Location:15 → 257
      TOP2c; TopoisomeraseII

    2. XM_010807617.2 → XP_010805919.1  calpastatin isoform X6

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:431 → 561
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor

    3. XM_005209750.4 → XP_005209807.1  calpastatin isoform X5

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:432 → 562
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor

    4. XM_024993825.2 → XP_024849593.1  calpastatin isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:441 → 571
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor
      cl25574
      Location:12 → 244
      TOP2c; TopoisomeraseII

    5. XM_005209754.4 → XP_005209811.1  calpastatin isoform X8

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:418 → 548
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor

    6. XM_005209751.3 → XP_005209808.1  calpastatin isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3Q1LI46, Q52ZG8
      Related
      ENSBTAP00000058598.2, ENSBTAT00000071010.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:419 → 549
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor

    7. XM_010807618.2 → XP_010805920.2  calpastatin isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG7
      Related
      ENSBTAP00000065716.2, ENSBTAT00000087389.2

    8. XM_059887919.1 → XP_059743902.1  calpastatin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG7

    9. XM_005209752.3 → XP_005209809.1  calpastatin isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005209809.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:373 → 503
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor
      cl25574
      Location:2 → 176
      TOP2c; TopoisomeraseII

    10. XM_005209753.3 → XP_005209810.1  calpastatin isoform X9

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005209810.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG7
      Related
      ENSBTAP00000086507.1, ENSBTAT00000110447.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00748
      Location:351 → 481
      Calpain_inhib; Calpain inhibitor

    11. XM_059887920.1 → XP_059743903.1  calpastatin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG7

    12. XM_059887921.1 → XP_059743904.1  calpastatin isoform X9

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q52ZG7
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P20811.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P20811

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