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    TT4 Chalcone and stilbene synthase family protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 831241, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TT4
    Official Full Name
    Chalcone and stilbene synthase family protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT5G13930
    Locus tag
    AT5G13930
    See related
    Araport:AT5G13930
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ATCHS; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; CHALCONE/STILBENE SYNTHASE; CHS; MAC12.28; MAC12_28; NARINGENIN-CHALCONE SYNTHASE; TRANSPARENT TESTA 4
    Summary
    Encodes chalcone synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. Required for the accumulation of purple anthocyanins in leaves and stems. Also involved in the regulation of auxin transport and the modulation of root gravitropism.
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    Genomic context

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    See TT4 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 5
    Exon count:
    2
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (4488476..4490264)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein Neighboring gene GRF zinc finger / Zinc knuckle protein Neighboring gene aminopeptidase Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene nuclear factor kappa-B-binding protein Neighboring gene histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH4-like protein Neighboring gene midasin-like protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003076.8

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Transcriptional regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana chalcone synthase gene. Feinbaum RL, et al. Mol Cell Biol, 1988 May. PMID 3386631, Free PMC Article
    2. Flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in arabidopsis. Brown DE, et al. Plant Physiol, 2001 Jun. PMID 11402184, Free PMC Article
    3. Ethylene modulates flavonoid accumulation and gravitropic responses in roots of Arabidopsis. Buer CS, et al. Plant Physiol, 2006 Apr. PMID 16489132, Free PMC Article
    4. Molecular modeling of the effects of mutant alleles on chalcone synthase protein structure. Dana CD, et al. J Mol Model, 2006 Sep. PMID 16575575
    5. Constitutive accumulation of cis-piceid in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing a sorghum stilbene synthase gene. Yu CK, et al. Plant Cell Physiol, 2006 Jul. PMID 16731548

    See all (24) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Flavonols modulate lateral root emergence by scavenging reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana.
      Title: Flavonols modulate lateral root emergence by scavenging reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    2. mediates flavonoids that negatively affect embryonic fatty acid biosynthesis
      Title: TRANSPARENT TESTA 4-mediated flavonoids negatively affect embryonic fatty acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
    3. Simulations carried out at different temperatures pointed to optimized positioning of key residues in the active site or dimerization domain as underlying the higher activity of two temperature-sensitive variants at lower temperatures.
      Title: Molecular modeling of the effects of mutant alleles on chalcone synthase protein structure.
    4. results suggest the presence of unknown stilbene isomerase activities in Arabidopsis.
      Title: Constitutive accumulation of cis-piceid in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing a sorghum stilbene synthase gene.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    NM_121396.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables naringenin-chalcone synthase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables naringenin-chalcone synthase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within auxin polar transport IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within chalcone biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in flavonoid biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within flavonoid biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within flavonoid biosynthetic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to UV-B IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to auxin IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to gravity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to jasmonic acid IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to oxidative stress IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to wounding IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plant-type vacuole membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    Chalcone and stilbene synthase family protein
    NP_196897.1
    • TRANSPARENT TESTA 4 (TT4); FUNCTIONS IN: naringenin-chalcone synthase activity; INVOLVED IN: in 11 processes; LOCATED IN: plant-type vacuole membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 14 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Chalcone/stilbene synthase, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR001099), Thiolase-like (InterPro:IPR016039), Polyketide synthase, type III (InterPro:IPR011141), Chalcone/stilbene synthase, active site (InterPro:IPR018088), Chalcone/stilbene synthase, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR012328), Thiolase-like, subgroup (InterPro:IPR016038); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: Chalcone and stilbene synthase family protein (TAIR:AT4G34850.1); Has 1807 Blast hits to 1807 proteins in 277 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 0; Metazoa - 736; Fungi - 347; Plants - 385; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 339 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

      Range
      4488476..4490264
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_121396.4 → NP_196897.1  Chalcone and stilbene synthase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_196897.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P13114, Q43132, Q940L6, Q941R9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178UKS9, A0A384KNE5, Q460Q4, Q460R0, Q460R2, Q460R3, Q460R8, Q460S2, Q460S8, Q460T2, Q5FBU5, Q5FBU6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN03170
      Location:2 → 395
      PLN03170; chalcone synthase; Provisional
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P13114.1

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