mle maleless [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: mleprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: malelessprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0002774
Locus tag: Dmel_CG11680
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0002774
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG11680; dDHX9; DDX9; Dmel\CG11680; mak; Mle; MLE; mll; mls; nap; nap[ts]
Summary: Enables 3'-5' RNA helicase activity; RNA binding activity; and chromatin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including determination of adult lifespan; male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production; and regulation of gene expression. Located in chromosome and cytosol. Part of MSL complex and X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating. Is expressed in adult head. Used to study epilepsy. Orthologous to human DHX9 (DExH-box helicase 9). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 42A6-42A6; 2-55 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (5974857..5980778, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (1862362..1868283, complement)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Interaction of MLE with CLAMP zinc finger is involved in proper MSL proteins binding to chromosomes in Drosophila.
Title: Interaction of MLE with CLAMP zinc finger is involved in proper MSL proteins binding to chromosomes in Drosophila.
Structural basis of RNA-induced autoregulation of the DExH-type RNA helicase maleless.
Title: Structural basis of RNA-induced autoregulation of the DExH-type RNA helicase maleless.
[Diversity of MLE Helicase Functions in the Regulation of Gene Expression in Higher Eukaryotes].
Title: [Diversity of MLE Helicase Functions in the Regulation of Gene Expression in Higher Eukaryotes].
MLE Helicase Is a New Participant in the Transcription Regulation of the ftz-f1 Gene Encoding Nuclear Receptor in Higher Eukaryotes.
Title: MLE Helicase Is a New Participant in the Transcription Regulation of the ftz-f1 Gene Encoding Nuclear Receptor in Higher Eukaryotes.
ENY2 Protein Interacts with RNA Helicase MLE
Title: Multifunctional ENY2 Protein Interacts with RNA Helicase MLE.
Structure, dynamics and roX2-lncRNA binding of tandem double-stranded RNA binding domains dsRBD1,2 of Drosophila helicase Maleless has been reported.
Title: Structure, dynamics and roX2-lncRNA binding of tandem double-stranded RNA binding domains dsRBD1,2 of Drosophila helicase Maleless.
our research provides structural insights into the interactions between MLE dsRBDs and R2H1 and facilitates a deeper understanding of the mechanism by which MLE tandem dsRBDs play an indispensable role in specific recognition of roX and the assembly of the MSL-DCC in Drosophila dosage compensation.
Title: Structural insights reveal the specific recognition of roX RNA by the dsRNA-binding domains of the RNA helicase MLE and its indispensable role in dosage compensation in Drosophila.
We have employed a systems biology approach (microarray) to investigate the global aneuploid effect of the maleless (mle) mutation that disrupts the binding of male specific lethal (MSL) proteins that function in dosage compensation.
Title: Drosophila maleless gene counteracts X global aneuploid effects in males.
MLE specifically targets hairpin RNAs at their site of transcription. The association of MLE at these sites is independent of sequence and chromosome location
Title: The Drosophila Helicase MLE Targets Hairpin Structures in Genomic Transcripts.
The Drosophila Helicase MLE is Implicated in Functions Distinct From its Role in Dosage Compensation
Title: The Drosophila Helicase Maleless (MLE) is Implicated in Functions Distinct From its Role in Dosage Compensation.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 3'-5' DNA helicase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables 3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables 3'-5' RNA helicase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP hydrolysis activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA helicase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables RNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA helicase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA helicase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables double-stranded DNA binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables double-stranded RNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables double-stranded RNA binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables helicase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables helicase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables lncRNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables lncRNA binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables regulatory region RNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA duplex unwinding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in axon extension	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in determination of adult lifespan	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in dosage compensation complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of heterochromatin formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cytoplasmic translation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of mRNA processing	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of mRNA processing	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in sex-chromosome dosage compensation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in sex-chromosome dosage compensation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in sex-chromosome dosage compensation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of MSL complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in X chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in X chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in chromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nuclear chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleolus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: maleless

Names: CG11680-PA; CG11680-PC; male lethal; male-killer; male-lethal; maleless-no-action potential; mle-PA; mle-PC; no action potential; no-action-potential

NP_476641.1

EC 3.6.4.13

EC 5.6.2.4

NP_724440.1

EC 3.6.4.13

EC 5.6.2.4

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

5974857..5980778 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_165451.3 → NP_724440.1 maleless, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_724440.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

I1V4Y3

Conserved Domains (6) summary

smart00487
Location:36 → 212

DEXDc; DEAD-like helicases superfamily

smart00847
Location:485 → 569

HA2; Helicase associated domain (HA2) Add an annotation

cd00046
Location:45 → 185

DEXDc; DEAD-like helicases superfamily. A diverse family of proteins involved in ATP-dependent RNA or DNA unwinding. This domain contains the ATP-binding region.

pfam00271
Location:286 → 415

Helicase_C; Helicase conserved C-terminal domain

pfam07717
Location:617 → 721

OB_NTP_bind; Oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB)-fold

cl21478
Location:227 → 287

ATP-synt_B; ATP synthase B/B' CF(0)
NM_057293.4 → NP_476641.1 maleless, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476641.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P24785, Q86NQ4, Q9V9J1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B3STG6

Related

FBpp0085367

Conserved Domains (4) summary

COG1643
Location:359 → 1059

HrpA; HrpA-like RNA helicase [Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis]

cd17972
Location:326 → 559

DEXHc_DHX9; DEXH-box helicase domain of DEAH-box helicase 9

cd19854
Location:2 → 70

DSRM_DHX9_rpt1; first double-stranded RNA binding motif of DEAH box protein 9 (DHX9) and similar proteins

cd19855
Location:167 → 241

DSRM_DHX9_rpt2; second double-stranded RNA binding motif of DEAH box protein 9 (DHX9) and similar proteins