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    AZIN2 antizyme inhibitor 2 [ Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey) ]

    Gene ID: 709823, updated on 17-Aug-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    AZIN2provided by VGNC
    Official Full Name
    antizyme inhibitor 2provided by VGNC
    Primary source
    VGNC:VGNC:70153
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMMUG00000006285
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Macaca mulatta
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Cercopithecidae; Cercopithecinae; Macaca
    Also known as
    ADC
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See AZIN2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 1
    Exon count:
    14
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    103 current Mmul_10 (GCF_003339765.1) 1 NC_041754.1 (191525289..191567665, complement)
    102 previous assembly Mmul_8.0.1 (GCF_000772875.2) 1 NC_027893.1 (32162347..32206415)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_041754.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC114673130 Neighboring gene tripartite motif containing 62 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC114673129 Neighboring gene adenylate kinase 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC114673131

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Antizyme inhibitor 2: molecular, cellular and physiological aspects. López-Contreras AJ, et al. Amino Acids, 2010 Feb. PMID 19956990
    2. A new rhesus macaque assembly and annotation for next-generation sequencing analyses. Zimin AV, et al. Biol Direct, 2014 Oct 14. PMID 25319552, Free PMC Article
    3. Manual GO annotation of predictive protein signatures: the InterPro approach to GO curation. Burge S, et al. Database (Oxford), 2012. PMID 22301074, Free PMC Article
    4. TreeGrafter: phylogenetic tree-based annotation of proteins with Gene Ontology terms and other annotations. Tang H, et al. Bioinformatics, 2019 Feb 1. PMID 30032202, Free PMC Article

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables catalytic activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of catalytic activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    antizyme inhibitor 2
    Names
    arginine decarboxylase

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001266222.3 → NP_001253151.1  antizyme inhibitor 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001253151.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      JU322823
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H126, G7MIA3
      Related
      ENSMMUP00000008269.2, ENSMMUT00000008798.4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00622
      Location:40 → 408
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase
      COG0019
      Location:41 → 400
      LysA; Diaminopimelate decarboxylase [Amino acid transport and metabolism]

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Macaca mulatta Annotation Release 103 details...Open this link in a new tab

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference Mmul_10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_041754.1 Reference Mmul_10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      191525289..191567665 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_015134407.2 → XP_014989893.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X9

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:103 → 419
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    2. XM_015134390.2 → XP_014989876.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X6

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H0Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:161 → 478
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    3. XM_015134352.2 → XP_014989838.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H0Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:168 → 536
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    4. XM_015134403.2 → XP_014989889.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X8

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:104 → 420
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    5. XM_028843774.1 → XP_028699607.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X5

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H0Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:110 → 478
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    6. XM_015134381.2 → XP_014989867.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H0Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:162 → 479
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    7. XM_015134344.2 → XP_014989830.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H0Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:169 → 537
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    8. XM_028843790.1 → XP_028699623.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X10

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:1 → 313
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    9. XM_028843786.1 → XP_028699619.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X10

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:1 → 313
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    10. XM_028843782.1 → XP_028699615.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X10

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:1 → 313
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    11. XM_028843797.1 → XP_028699630.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00261
      Location:1 → 257
      PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes

    12. XM_028843801.1 → XP_028699634.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00261
      Location:1 → 257
      PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes

    13. XM_028843809.1 → XP_028699642.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00261
      Location:1 → 257
      PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes

    14. XM_028843806.1 → XP_028699639.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00261
      Location:1 → 257
      PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes

    15. XM_028843793.1 → XP_028699626.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00261
      Location:1 → 257
      PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes

    16. XM_015134398.2 → XP_014989884.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X10

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:1 → 313
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    17. XM_028843810.1 → XP_028699643.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00261
      Location:1 → 257
      PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes

    18. XM_028843803.1 → XP_028699636.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X11

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00261
      Location:1 → 257
      PLPDE_III; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes

    19. XM_015134371.2 → XP_014989857.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H0Y1
      Related
      ENSMMUP00000008270.4, ENSMMUT00000008799.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:169 → 537
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    20. XM_015134412.2 → XP_014989898.2  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7H0Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00622
      Location:169 → 472
      PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

    RNA

    1. XR_001443770.2 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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