U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 7432, updated on 27-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    VIPprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    vasoactive intestinal peptideprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:12693
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000146469 MIM:192320; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12693
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PHM27
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glucagon family. It stimulates myocardial contractility, causes vasodilation, increases glycogenolysis, lowers arterial blood pressure and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gall bladder. The protein also acts as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
    Expression
    Biased expression in appendix (RPKM 33.5), colon (RPKM 12.6) and 3 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See VIP in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    6q25.2
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (152750797..152759760)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (153952118..153961081)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (153071932..153080895)

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378061 Neighboring gene heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 pseudogene 16 Neighboring gene MYC target 1 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr6:153042324-153043523 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2840 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901440 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901439 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25290

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Expression of synovial fluid and articular cartilage VIP in human osteoarthritic knee: a new indicator of disease severity? Jiang W, et al. Clin Biochem, 2012 Dec. PMID 22959974
    2. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) differentially affects inflammatory immune responses in human monocytes infected with viable Salmonella or stimulated with LPS. Askar B, et al. Peptides, 2015 Sep. PMID 26206287
    3. Th17 polarization of memory Th cells in early arthritis: the vasoactive intestinal peptide effect. Jimeno R, et al. J Leukoc Biol, 2015 Aug. PMID 25957307
    4. Suprachiasmatic neuron numbers and rest-activity circadian rhythms in older humans. Wang JL, et al. Ann Neurol, 2015 Aug. PMID 25921596, Free PMC Article
    5. Molecular mapping of epitopes involved in ligand activation of the human receptor for the neuropeptide, VIP, based on hybrids with the human secretin receptor. Olde B, et al. J Mol Neurosci, 1998 Oct. PMID 10096039

    See all (167) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Effects of the Neuropeptides Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Male Fertility.
      Title: Effects of the Neuropeptides Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Male Fertility.
    2. Sympathetic System in Wound Healing: Multistage Control in Normal and Diabetic Skin.
      Title: Sympathetic System in Wound Healing: Multistage Control in Normal and Diabetic Skin.
    3. Donor plasmacytoid dendritic cells limit graft-versus-host disease through vasoactive intestinal polypeptide expression.
      Title: Donor plasmacytoid dendritic cells limit graft-versus-host disease through vasoactive intestinal polypeptide expression.
    4. Human CD4(+)CD45RA(+) T Cells Behavior after In Vitro Activation: Modulatory Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide.
      Title: Human CD4(+)CD45RA(+) T Cells Behavior after In Vitro Activation: Modulatory Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide.
    5. Significance of serum VIP and PACAP in multiple sclerosis: an exploratory case-control study.
      Title: Significance of serum VIP and PACAP in multiple sclerosis: an exploratory case-control study.
    6. Changes in ghrelin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with morbid obesity.
      Title: Changes in ghrelin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with morbid obesity.
    7. VIP modulates human macrophages phenotype via FPRL1 via activation of RhoA-GTPase and PLC pathways.
      Title: VIP modulates human macrophages phenotype via FPRL1 via activation of RhoA-GTPase and PLC pathways.
    8. Vasopressin in circadian function of SCN.
      Title: Vasopressin in circadian function of SCN.
    9. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Secreting Tumors: A Review.
      Title: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Secreting Tumors: A Review.
    10. The plasma levels of VIP observed in gastric cancer group were lower than in colorectal cancer patients (p = 0.01).
      Title: Changes in plasma levels of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, VIP and PYY in gastric and colorectal cancer - Preliminary results.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (107)

    Phenotypes

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env VIP is more potent at suppressing M-tropic than T-tropic HIV-1 gp120 chemotaxis PubMed
    env Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) blocks HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity in culture PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Go to the top of the page

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC13587

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables hormone activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables neuropeptide hormone activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables neuropeptide hormone activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables peptide hormone receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables peptide hormone receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables type 2 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in antibacterial humoral response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in antifungal humoral response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in body fluid secretion TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in epinephrine secretion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in innate immune response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mRNA stabilization ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in prolactin secretion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of protein localization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of protein localization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to yeast IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in neuron projection IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    VIP peptides
    Names
    prepro-VIP

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_003381.4 → NP_003372.1  VIP peptides isoform 1 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003372.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC009794, BM971673, DA914915
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS5240.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01282, Q5TCY8, Q5TCY9, Q96QK3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K7E4
      Related
      ENSP00000356213.3, ENST00000367244.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00123
      Location:81 → 107
      Hormone_2; Peptide hormone

    2. NM_194435.3 → NP_919416.1  VIP peptides isoform 2 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_919416.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame segment, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC009794, BM971673, DA914915
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS5241.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K7E4
      Related
      ENSP00000356212.3, ENST00000367243.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00123
      Location:81 → 107
      Hormone_2; Peptide hormone

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      152750797..152759760
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_006715562.5 → XP_006715625.1  VIP peptides isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006715625.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K7E4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00123
      Location:81 → 107
      Hormone_2; Peptide hormone

    2. XM_005267135.4 → XP_005267192.1  VIP peptides isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005267192.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K7E4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00123
      Location:81 → 107
      Hormone_2; Peptide hormone

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      153952118..153961081
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054356314.1 → XP_054212289.1  VIP peptides isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K7E4

    2. XM_054356315.1 → XP_054212290.1  VIP peptides isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K7E4
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P01282.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01282

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous