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    EIF2S1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1965, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    EIF2S1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alphaprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:3265
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000134001 MIM:603907; AllianceGenome:HGNC:3265
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    EIF2; EIF-2; EIF2A; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha
    Summary
    The translation initiation factor EIF2 catalyzes the first regulated step of protein synthesis initiation, promoting the binding of the initiator tRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding occurs as a ternary complex of methionyl-tRNA, EIF2, and GTP. EIF2 is composed of 3 nonidentical subunits, the 36-kD EIF2-alpha subunit (EIF2S1), the 38-kD EIF2-beta subunit (EIF2S2; MIM 603908), and the 52-kD EIF2-gamma subunit (EIF2S3; MIM 300161). The rate of formation of the ternary complex is modulated by the phosphorylation state of EIF2-alpha (Ernst et al., 1987 [PubMed 2948954]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010]
    Annotation information
    Note: EIF2A (Gene ID: 83939) and EIF2S1 (Gene ID: 1965) share the EIF2A symbol/alias in common. EIF2A is a widely used alternative name for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (EIF2S1), which can be confused with the official symbol for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (EIF2A). [05 Jul 2018]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in testis (RPKM 19.0), esophagus (RPKM 15.6) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

    See EIF2S1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14q23.3
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (67360328..67386516)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (61567453..61593639)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (67827045..67853233)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene gephyrin Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5855 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:67723162-67723330 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2181 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:67825632-67826418 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8578 Neighboring gene protein associated with LIN7 1, MAGUK p55 family member Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_36264 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 12737 Neighboring gene GATA motif-containing MPRA enhancer 49 Neighboring gene ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit D Neighboring gene pleckstrin 2 Neighboring gene microRNA 5694

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Pr55(Gag) gag HIV-1 Gag co-localizes with eIF-2alpha in human cells PubMed
    Tat tat Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to HIV-1 Tat causes broad activation of the unfolded-protein response in ER with phosphorylation of PERK, eIF2alpha, and JNK and induction of Grp78/BiP PubMed
    tat Neurons exposed to HIV-1 Tat induces calcium loss from the endoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine receptor (RyR) and increases the phosphorylated levels of PERK, eIF2a, and XBP1 PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat competes with eukaryotic initiation factor 2, a well characterized substrate of PKR, for phosphorylation by activated PKR PubMed
    tat Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) recognizes and binds the TAR secondary structure in HIV-1 RNA, suggesting a role in Tat transactivation of the viral LTR promoter PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables RNA binding PubMed 
    enables protein binding PubMed 
    enables ribosome binding  
    enables ribosome binding PubMed 
    enables translation initiation factor activity  
    enables translation initiation factor activity PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in HRI-mediated signaling PubMed 
    involved_in PERK-mediated unfolded protein response PubMed 
    involved_in PERK-mediated unfolded protein response PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to UV  
    involved_in cellular response to amino acid starvation  
    involved_in cellular response to heat  
    involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress  
    involved_in mitophagy PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress  
    involved_in positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process  
    involved_in regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of translational initiation in response to stress  
    involved_in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress  
    involved_in response to kainic acid  
    involved_in response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress  
    involved_in stress granule assembly  
    involved_in translational initiation  
    involved_in translational initiation PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasmic stress granule  
    located_in cytosol  
    located_in cytosol  
    part_of eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex  
    part_of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex  
    part_of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex PubMed 
    part_of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex PubMed 
    located_in extracellular exosome PubMed 
    located_in glial limiting end-foot  
    located_in membrane PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrion PubMed 
    located_in nucleus  
    located_in synapse  
    part_of translation initiation ternary complex  

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1
    Names
    eIF-2-alpha
    eIF2-alpha
    eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha, 35kDa

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_004094.5 → NP_004085.1  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004085.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL139785, BC002513
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9781.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P05198
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V4T5, Q53XC0
      Related
      ENSP00000256383.4, ENST00000256383.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PTZ00248
      Location:4 → 315
      PTZ00248; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1; Provisional

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      67360328..67386516
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      61567453..61593639
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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