U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    CCR5 C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1234, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    CCR5provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    C-C motif chemokine receptor 5provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:1606
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000160791 MIM:601373; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1606
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    CKR5; CCR-5; CD195; CKR-5; CCCKR5; CMKBR5; IDDM22; CC-CKR-5
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. This protein is expressed by T cells and macrophages, and is known to be an important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic virus, including HIV, to enter host cells. Defective alleles of this gene have been associated with the HIV infection resistance. The ligands of this receptor include monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta) and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Expression of this gene was also detected in a promyeloblastic cell line, suggesting that this protein may play a role in granulocyte lineage proliferation and differentiation. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both functional and non-functional alleles; the reference genome represents the functional allele. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
    Annotation information
    Note: Genetic polymorphisms result in both protein coding and non-coding alleles of this gene.
    Expression
    Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 9.4), lymph node (RPKM 7.4) and 21 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See CCR5 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3p21.31
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (46370142..46376206)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (46385976..46392040)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (46411633..46417697)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:46386020-46386226 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19796 Neighboring gene C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Neighboring gene CCR5 antisense RNA Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14288 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:46421718-46422219 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:46434353-46434852 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14289 Neighboring gene C-C motif chemokine receptor like 2 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2009

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Hepatitis C virus, susceptibility to
    MedGen: C1835407 OMIM: 609532 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs
    Maraviroc response
    MedGen: CN077994 GeneReviews: Not available
    not available
    Susceptibility to HIV infection
    MedGen: C1836230 OMIM: 609423 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs
    Type 1 diabetes mellitus 22
    MedGen: C2675864 OMIM: 612522 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs
    West Nile virus, susceptibility to
    MedGen: C1835867 OMIM: 610379 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-Wide Association Study of CSF Levels of 59 Alzheimer's Disease Candidate Proteins: Significant Associations with Proteins Involved in Amyloid Processing and Inflammation.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    HIV/tuberculosis coinfection upregulates CCR5 expression in pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC) isolated from antiretroviral-naive coinfected patients (relative to patients infected with only tuberculosis) PubMed
    HIV-1 LAI replication absolutely requires CCR5 and, to a lesser extent, CXCR4 as shown through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of each in primary CD4+ T cells PubMed
    HIV-1 replication requires CCR5 expression for infectivity of induced pluripotent stem cells as shown through CRISPR/Cas9 removal of CCR5 PubMed
    HIV-1 replication requires CCR5 expression for infectivity of primary CD4+ T lymphocytes as shown through CRISPR/Cas9 removal of CCR5 PubMed
    HIV-1 infectivity involves C5AR1 in complex with CCR5 on THP-1 and monocyte-derived macrophages as shown through decreased R5-tropic genomic integration in the presence of neutralizing C5aR1 antibody or siRNA knockdown of C5AR1 or hC5a treatment PubMed
    Knockdown of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4+/CCR5+/CXCR4+ TZM-bl HeLa cells PubMed
    Knockdown of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) by shRNA inhibits HIV-1 infection in CEM.NKR-CCR5 cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env The CCR5 chemokine receptor is required for the entry of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 into target cells; the HIV-1 gp120-CD4 complex binds CCR5, which inhibits the binding of the natural CCR5 ligands macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta PubMed
    env The specific amino acids 298-329 in the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 that determine cellular tropism also regulate chemokine coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) preference for cell entry by the virus PubMed
    env HIV-1 Env (gp120) V3 loop binds to CXCR4 and CCR5 through in silico analysis PubMed
    env HIV-1 JR-CSF Env binds CCR5 but is abrogated by the mutation K421D PubMed
    env HIV-1 JR-CSF Env mutant S142N binds CCR5 with better affinity PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 binds to CCR5 with decreased affinity when an alanine insertion within the GPG (G310_P311insA) of the gp120 VL3 (resulting from Maraviroc pressure) is present; molecular simulations indicate weakened interaction with CCR5 extracellular loop 2 PubMed
    env HIV-1 Env gp120 (JRFL) interacts with the extracellular loop 1 of CCR5 and these interactions are functionally critical; adaptation to murine extracellular loop 1 requires multiple mutations in the crown of gp120s V3 loop PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 D197 and T/V200 increase fusion and infection of cells expressing low CD4 by enhancing gp120 binding to CCR5 PubMed
    env Two-dimensional saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy and dynamic filtering studies reveal involvement of residues Y187, F189, W190 and F193 of the second extracellular loop of CCR5 in the interaction with HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    env Antibodies to specific epitopes of HIV-1 gp120 block the interaction of CCR5 with the gp120/CD4 complex, suggesting that a CD4-mediated conformational change in gp120 is required for subsequent binding to CCR5 PubMed
    env The amino-terminal residues (amino acids 1-25) and three extracellular loops (amino acids 88-102, 168-194, 261-277) of the CCR5 coreceptor are highly involved in its binding to gp120 from macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains and in CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry PubMed
    env Anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies efficiently prevent HIV-1 infection by inducing receptor dimerization, but not by interfering with HIV-1 gp120 binding to CCR5 PubMed
    env The binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CCR5 and entry of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates into cells is blocked by CCR5 antagonists or the chemokine RANTES, which interacts with CCR5 PubMed
    env The coreceptor-binding site in HIV-1 gp120 is centered around an anti-parallel beta-sheet structure 'bridging sheet domain'; mutations in and adjacent to this domain have greater impact on CXCR4-mediated fusion than on CCR5-mediated fusion PubMed
    env Interaction of HIV-1 gp120 with CCR5 upregulates IL-6 expression in primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells PubMed
    env CCR5 expression inhibits HIV-1 gp120-induced LIMK1 activation and cofilin phosphorylation in CD4/CXCR4 expressing 293T cells PubMed
    env CCR5 expression inhibits HIV-1 gp120 binding to CD4/CXCR4 complexes in 293T cells PubMed
    env CCR5 expression inhibits HIV-1 gp120-mediated early actin rearrangement in CD4/CXCR4 expressing 293T cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-enhanced CD4/CXCR4 conformation changes are regulated by CCR5 expression in 293T cells PubMed
    env SMS2, but not SMS1, is involved in enhancement of HIV-1 gp120/gp41-mediated membrane fusion through CD4 receptor and CCR5/CXCR4 coreceptors PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 mutant K421D exhibits inefficient entry at low levels of CCR5, while K421D responses dramatically to the entry at high levels of CCR5 PubMed
    env Negatively charged Asp/Glu at position 322 in the V3 of gp120 and positively charged Arg at position 440 in the C4 of gp120 occur more frequently in CCR5-using strains PubMed
    env V1, V2, and V3 domains and N-linked glycosylation sites of HIV-1 gp120 confer coreceptor tropism; loss of an N-linked glycosylation site within V3 has a major influence on the virus switching from CCR5 to CXCR4 tropism in a V3 charge-dependent manner PubMed
    env A single sulfotyrosine residue 14 in CCR5 is recognized by HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    env In addition to the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120, some conserved amino acid residues (117-123, 207, 419-422, and 438-441) are also involved in CCR5 chemokine receptor binding PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 mutations S298N, F313L, and N403S result in weakening gp120's grip on gp41 rather than altering gp120 binding to specific CCR5 sites PubMed
    env Peptides from a library inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro through blocking of HIV-1 gp120 interaction with the co-receptor CCR5 PubMed
    env Analysis of the distribution of V3 loop's net charge and flexibility in HIV-1 gp120 shows its selection more positive toward CXCR4 than CCR5 PubMed
    env Interaction of the trimeric gp120 with CCR5 coreceptor triggers dendritic cells (DCs) to migrate between intestinal epithelial cells to sample virions and transfer infection to target cells PubMed
    env Gelsolin overexpression impairs HIV-1 gp120-induced cortical F-actin reorganization and capping and gp120-mediated CD4-CCR5 and CD4-CXCR4 redistribution in permissive lymphocytes PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 binds and signals through CD4, which leads to T cell activation with upregulation of the CXCR5, PD-1, Fas, and FasL expression PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-induced dephosphorylation of KV2.1 and re-localization of KV2.1 on the soma and proximal dendrites results in disruption of the clustered KV2.1 via activation of CCR5/CXCR4 co-receptors or SDF-1 alpha treatment PubMed
    env The V3 loop of brain-derived HIV-1 Env gp120 proteins significantly reduces the contact with N-terminal interface (Tyr10, Asn13, and Tyr14) of CCR5 as compared to lymph-node-derived gp120 proteins PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120/41 Envelope proteins form a complex with integrin alpha4beta7 and chemokine receptor CCR5 on the CD4-negative gamma-delta T cell membrane, which leads to activation of the p38-caspase pathway and induces the death of gamma-delta cells PubMed
    env Antibodies to specific epitopes of the CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine receptors inhibit the entry of M-tropic, T-tropic, or dual-tropic HIV-1 into target cells by blocking the interaction of the receptors with the HIV-1 gp120/CD4 complex PubMed
    env Binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CCR5 causes NHERF1-mediated activation of RhoA PubMed
    env Stimulation of cells with HIV-1 gp120 induces the interaction of endogenous CCR5 with NHERF1, which enhances CCR5 internalization PubMed
    env HIV-1 R5-tropic Env-mediated apoptosis of bystander cells is dependent on both CCR5 expression levels and fusogenic activity of the Env glycoprotein through the mechanism of apoptosis involved caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial depolarization PubMed
    env NMR studies find the strong interaction of sulfated (CCR5)Tyr14 with (gp120)Arg440 PubMed
    env The C-terminal region of CCR5 second extracellular loop (ECL2) comprising Cys178-Lys191 is sufficient for inhibition of HIV-1 entry by R5 and X4 strains. Peptides derived from ECL2 form a complex with HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    env Deaminases APOBEC3F- and APOBEC3G-mediated G-to-A mutations in the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120 lead to the co-receptor switch from R5 to X4 strains PubMed
    env Genistein, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits cell fusion between macrophages and HIV-1 Env expressing cells. Genistein treatment does not change CD4 or CCR5 surface expression and has no effect on gp120-CD4-CCR5 complex formation PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-induced PI3-kinase activity and calcium mobilization are inhibited by pertussis toxin and blocking antibodies directed against CCR5 and CXCR4, suggesting that this signaling is mediated through these chemokine receptors PubMed
    env Sulfation of CCR5 by tyrosylprotein sulfotranferase-2 is crucial for mediating interaction with HIV-1 gp120. The pattern and the rate of sulfation for CCR5 depend on the number of amino acids N-terminal of Tyr-3 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-induced Ca(2+) fluxing is CD4 dependent and coreceptor specific, and is mediated by the CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors PubMed
    env N362, a potential N-linked glycosylation site immediately N-terminal to CD4-binding site residues in the C3 region of gp120, contributes to fusogenicity of R5 Envs in a strain dependent manner PubMed
    env Individual gp120-CD4 bonds undergo rapid destabilization and this destabilization is significantly enhanced by the coreceptor CCR5, not by CXCR4 PubMed
    env CCR5 activation by gp120 triggers the assembly of endogenous Lyn, PI3K, and Pyk2 and is associated with PI3K and Pyk2 translocation from the cytoplasm to the membrane where they colocalized with Lyn PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 induces IL-1beta release from macrophages in a time- and concentration-dependent manner through binding to the chemokine receptor CCR5 and coupling to G(i)alpha protein PubMed
    env Introduction of G312V and A204E to multiple subtype A Envs and substitution of G312 and A204 with other residues increase CCR5-dependent entry into pig-tailed macaque lymphocytes PubMed
    env Soluble HIV-1 gp120 protein induces CCR5 downregulation on activated CD4+ T-cells in HIV-infected individuals PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 hydrogen bond interactions among transmembrane residues Y108, E283, and Y251, are crucial for HIV-1-gp120/sCD4 complex binding and HIV-1 fusion. HIV-1 gp120 binding to CCR5 disrupts these interhelix hydrogen bond interactions PubMed
    env Maraviroc-resistant gp120 interacts much less efficiently with CCR5 and becomes critically dependent on the V3 loop-CCR5 N terminus and on positively charged elements of the drug-modified CCR5 extracellular loops 1 (His 88) and 2 (His 181) PubMed
    env HIV-1-induced cell fusion is mediated by multiple regions within both the viral gp120 protein and the CCR5 coreceptor; dual-tropic virus isolates are less tolerant to changes in CCR5 than macrophage-tropic strains that have more restricted coreceptor use PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 from a T-cell-tropic virus causes CD4-dependent antagonism of CXCR4 response to SDF-1alpha, whereas gp120 from macrophage-tropic viruses causes CD4-dependent antagonism of CCR5 response to MIP-1alpha PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 induced cell death is inhibited by a CCR5-mediated neuroprotective pathway that involves protein kinase Akt/PKB as an essential component and can be triggered by the CCR5 agonists MIP-1beta and RANTES PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal cell death involves p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; both HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, can mediate HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity PubMed
    env The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 from macrophage-tropic HIV and SIV induces a signal through CCR5 on CD4+ T cells and macrophages, and this gp120-mediated signal transduction induces chemotaxis of T cells PubMed
    env An adapted primary HIV-1 isolate, ADA, is able to replicate in CD4-negative cells expressing human CCR5; the gp120 glycoprotein of the adapted virus binds CCR5 directly, without prior interaction with CD4 PubMed
    env Membrane fusion inhibitors inhibit HIV-1 infection in T cells by preventing gp120 interaction with CCR5 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 and alcohol increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, but do not result in a significant synergistic effect. Gp120 permeability involves chemokine receptor CCR5 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 and gp41-mediated virus-cell fusion is more dependent on viral core maturation for viruses bearing CXCR4-tropic gp120 than for those bearing CCR5-tropic gp120 PubMed
    env The V3 domain of HIV-1 gp120 induces associations between CD4 and CCR5 receptors in cholesterol-rich microenvironments PubMed
    env Stimulation of human monocyte-derived macrophages with HIV-1 gp120 results in the CCR5-mediated activation of Lyn and the concomitant Lyn-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK-1/2, which leads to production of TNF-alpha PubMed
    env A peptide fragment corresponding to the loop between the fifth and sixth transmembrane regions of the CCR5 receptor (amino acids 222-240) can inhibit HIV-1 infection of MT-4 cells, suggesting this region of CCR5 is involved with HIV-1 gp120 binding PubMed
    env A synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 414-434 of HIV-1 gp120 downregulates the expression and function of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 in monocytes by activating the 7-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor FPRL1/LXA4R PubMed
    env Chemokines such as MCP-3 and MCP-2 that can compete with high affinity for MIP-1beta binding to CCR5 can also compete for monomeric HIV-1 gp120 binding to CCR5, although with variable potencies PubMed
    env The chemokine receptor CCR5 is posttranslationally modified by sulfation of its N-terminal tyrosines; sulfated tyrosines contribute to the binding of CCR5 to MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and HIV-1 gp120/CD4 complexes and to the ability of HIV-1 to enter cells PubMed
    env N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenyl-alanine binding to formyl peptide receptor (FPR) results in significant attenuation of cell responses to CCR5 ligands and in inhibition of HIV-1 gp120-mediated fusion and infection of cells expressing CD4, CCR5, and FPR PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 from both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strains opens calcium-activated potassium (K(Ca)), chloride, and calcium-permeant nonselective cation channels in macrophages; these signals are mediated by CCR5 and CXCR4 PubMed
    env AGP inhibits the binding of the HIV-1 gp120 consensus V3 domain (V3Cs) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) to CCR5 on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) PubMed
    env CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptor engagement by HIV-1 gp120 in primary macrophages activates 2 members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 interactions with CXCR4 and CCR5 lead to the cross-desensitization of CCR6 and CCR7; this gp120-induced inhibition is strictly dependent on CXCR4 or CCR5 and lipid rafts but not on CD4 or V(H)3-expressing BCR PubMed
    env Engagement of the CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors by HIV-1 gp120 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env Interaction of the trimeric gp140 with CCR5 coreceptor triggers dendritic cells (DCs) to migrate between intestinal epithelial cells to sample virions and transfer infection to target cells PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env Primary human T cells exposed to HIV gp41 increase CCR5 mRNA expression PubMed
    env SMS2, but not SMS1, is involved in enhancement of HIV-1 gp120/gp41-mediated membrane fusion through CD4 receptor and CCR5/CXCR4 coreceptors PubMed
    env The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 and gp41 form a transitional complex with the CD4 receptor and CCR5/CXCR4 coreceptors during virus-cell and cell-cell membrane fusion PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120/41 Envelope proteins form a complex with integrin alpha4beta7 and chemokine receptor CCR5 on the CD4-negative gamma-delta T cell membrane, which leads to activation of the p38-caspase pathway and induces the death of gamma-delta cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 R5-tropic Env-mediated apoptosis of bystander cells is dependent on both CCR5 expression levels and fusogenic activity of the Env glycoprotein through the mechanism of apoptosis involved caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial depolarization PubMed
    env Sequences in the gp41 transmembrane (TM) can modulate coreceptor specificity and that Env sequences other than that of V3 may facilitate efficient CXCR4-mediated entry PubMed
    env Peptide P5 (residues 628-683), comprising the entire membrane proximal region of HIV-1 gp41 and its calcium-binding site, inhibits HIV-1 envelope mediated cell-cell fusion and infection of PBMCs by both X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1 strains PubMed
    env RANTES, MIP-1beta, and anti-CD4 antibodies inhibit CCR5-dependent cell-cell fusion mediated by HIV-1 gp120 and gp41 from macrophage-tropic isolates PubMed
    env Secretion of IL-10 is upregulated by HIV-1 gp41 in monocytes through activation of cAMP/adenylate cyclase and p70 (S6)-kinase; up-regulation of IL-10 is paralleled by an enhanced expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp41 activates innate host immune cells through FPRL1, and the activation of FPRL1 by gp41 further induces the phosphorylation of the chemokine receptor CCR5 PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef expression from unintegrated HIV-1 DNA downregulates the surface levels of CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 on T-lymphocytes and monocytes PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef downregulates cell-surface levels of CCR5 in CHO cells expressing human CCR5; the Nef-induced downregulation of CCR5 is as efficient as the downregulation induced by the natural beta-chemokine ligand RANTES PubMed
    nef SH3 (PxxP motif) and PACS (E4) interaction surfaces as well as the myristoylation site (G2) in HIV-1 Nef are required for Nef-mediated downregulation of CCR5 PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates CCR5 expression on monocytes/macrophages but not on lymphocytes, indicating a role for Tat in HIV-1 pathogenesis and in promoting the infection of monocytes/macrophages. PubMed
    tat Results from the treatment of microglia with HIV-1 Tat suggest downregulation of CCR5 mRNA expression by HIV-1 Tat, however this was deemed to not be significant PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat is associated with upregulation of CCR5 and MIP-1alpha expression in nodular lesions found in HIV encephalopathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), indicating a role for Tat in HIV-1 pathogenesis PubMed
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr depletes regulatory CD4+ T cells and enhances HIV-1 replication in a CCR5 coreceptor-dependent manner PubMed
    capsid gag Primary human T cells exposed to HIV CA (p24) increase CCR5 mRNA expression PubMed
    gag Herpes simplex virus type 2-Infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) produce TNF-alpha, which binds to its receptor TNF-R1 and upregulates the expression of CCR5 on cell surface, leading to enhance HIV-1 p24 release from MDDCs PubMed
    gag The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells PubMed
    matrix gag Exposure of primary human T cells to HIV MA (p17) increases CCR5 mRNA expression PubMed
    gag The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • FLJ78003

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables C-C chemokine binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables C-C chemokine receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables C-C chemokine receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables C-C chemokine receptor activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables actin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables coreceptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables virus receptor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in MAPK cascade IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in calcium ion transport IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in calcium-mediated signaling IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in calcium-mediated signaling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cell chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cell-cell signaling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular defense response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in dendritic cell chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in inflammatory response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to cholesterol IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in signaling IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in symbiont entry into host cell IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cell surface IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cell surface IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in endosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in external side of plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in external side of plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    C-C chemokine receptor type 5
    Names
    C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 A159A
    HIV-1 fusion coreceptor
    chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5
    chemokine receptor CCR5
    chemokine recptor CCR5 Delta32
    chemr13
    mutant C-C motif chemokine receptor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012637.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5805..11065
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000579.4NP_000570.1  C-C chemokine receptor type 5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000570.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (A) represents the longer transcript. Both variants encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC098613, BC038398, DA818906, U54994
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2739.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14692, O14693, O14695, O14696, O14697, O14698, O14699, O14700, O14701, O14702, O14703, O14704, O14705, O14706, O14707, O14708, O15538, P51681, Q9UPA4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A089G3J8, A0A089G3L9, A0A089G3M1, A0A089G3N1, A0A089G3P4, A0A089G5N2, A0A089G6S3, A0A089G7J6, A0A089H947, A0A089H987, B0EX00, B0EX01, B2KIU0, B2KIU1, B2KKJ9, H9MHP3, H9MHP6, H9MHP8, H9MHP9, L7S2Y4, Q38L21, Q3L3Q6, Q5EKM9, Q5QIN9, Q5QIP1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15184
      Location:31308
      7tmA_CCR5_CCR2; CC chemokine receptor types 5 and 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors
    2. NM_001100168.2NP_001093638.1  C-C chemokine receptor type 5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001093638.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (B) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant A. Both variants encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC098613, BC038398, DA818906, U54994
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2739.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14692, O14693, O14695, O14696, O14697, O14698, O14699, O14700, O14701, O14702, O14703, O14704, O14705, O14706, O14707, O14708, O15538, P51681, Q9UPA4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A089G3J8, A0A089G3L9, A0A089G3M1, A0A089G3N1, A0A089G3P4, A0A089G5N2, A0A089G6S3, A0A089G7J6, A0A089H947, A0A089H987, B0EX00, B0EX01, B2KIU0, B2KIU1, B2KKJ9, H9MHP3, H9MHP6, H9MHP8, H9MHP9, L7S2Y4, Q38L21, Q3L3Q6, Q5EKM9, Q5QIN9, Q5QIP1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15184
      Location:31308
      7tmA_CCR5_CCR2; CC chemokine receptor types 5 and 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors
    3. NM_001394783.1NP_001381712.1  C-C chemokine receptor type 5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC098613
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2739.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14692, O14693, O14695, O14696, O14697, O14698, O14699, O14700, O14701, O14702, O14703, O14704, O14705, O14706, O14707, O14708, O15538, P51681, Q9UPA4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A089G3J8, A0A089G3L9, A0A089G3M1, A0A089G3N1, A0A089G3P4, A0A089G5N2, A0A089G6S3, A0A089G7J6, A0A089H947, A0A089H987, B0EX00, B0EX01, B2KIU0, B2KIU1, B2KKJ9, H9MHP3, H9MHP6, H9MHP8, H9MHP9, L7S2Y4, Q38L21, Q3L3Q6, Q5EKM9, Q5QIN9, Q5QIP1
      Related
      ENSP00000292303.4, ENST00000292303.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15184
      Location:31308
      7tmA_CCR5_CCR2; CC chemokine receptor types 5 and 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      46370142..46376206
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      46385976..46392040
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)