GCM2 glial cells missing transcription factor 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GCM2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: glial cells missing transcription factor 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4198
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000124827 MIM:603716; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4198
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: FIH2; GCMB; HRPT4; hGCMb
Summary: This gene is a homolog of the Drosophila glial cells missing gene, which is thought to act as a binary switch between neuronal and glial cell determination. The protein encoded by this gene contains a conserved N-terminal GCM motif that has DNA-binding activity. The protein is a transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of parathyroid development. It has been suggested that this transcription factor might mediate the effect of calcium on parathyroid hormone expression and secretion in parathyroid cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypoparathyroidism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6p24.2

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	6	NC_000006.12 (10873223..10882041, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	6	NC_060930.1 (10740840..10749654, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (10873456..10882274, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

GCM2 p.Tyr394Ser variant in Ashkenazi Israeli patients with suspected familial isolated hyperparathyroidism.
Title: GCM2 p.Tyr394Ser variant in Ashkenazi Israeli patients with suspected familial isolated hyperparathyroidism.
GCM2 Variants in Familial and Multiglandular Primary Hyperparathyroidism.
Title: GCM2 Variants in Familial and Multiglandular Primary Hyperparathyroidism.
Novel Glial Cells Missing-2 (GCM2) variants in parathyroid disorders.
Title: Novel Glial Cells Missing-2 (GCM2) variants in parathyroid disorders.
GCM2 Silencing in Parathyroid Adenoma Is Associated With Promoter Hypermethylation and Gain of Methylation on Histone 3.
Title: GCM2 Silencing in Parathyroid Adenoma Is Associated With Promoter Hypermethylation and Gain of Methylation on Histone 3.
Five patients with disorders of calcium metabolism presented with GCM2 gene variants.
Title: Five patients with disorders of calcium metabolism presented with GCM2 gene variants.
Germline GCM2 Mutation Screening in Chinese Primary Hyperparathyroidism Patients.
Title: Germline GCM2 Mutation Screening in Chinese Primary Hyperparathyroidism Patients.
Activating GCM2 C-terminal conserved inhibitory domain (CCID) variants (p.V382M and p.Y394S) were identified in six of 396 adenomas (1.52%), and a hyperparathyroidism-associated GCM2 non-CCID activating variant (p.Y282D) was found in 20 adenomas (5.05%). The overall frequency of tested activating GCM2 variants in this study was 6.57%, approximately threefold greater than their frequency in the general population.
Title: Analysis of Activating GCM2 Sequence Variants in Sporadic Parathyroid Adenomas.
The present study investigated the prevalence of the Y282D variant of the GCM2 gene and its association with clinical parameters in patients with a definitive histological diagnosis of sporadic parathyroid carcinoma (SPC) or atypical adenoma (AA).
Title: Specifying the molecular pattern of sporadic parathyroid tumorigenesis-The Y282D variant of the GCM2 gene.
GCM2-associated primary hyperparathyroidism patients have greater preoperative parathyroid hormone levels, a greater rate of multigland disease, a lesser rate of biochemical cure
Title: Familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism associated with germline GCM2 mutations is more aggressive and has a lesser rate of biochemical cure.
Our results demonstrate that germline-activating mutations affecting the C-terminal conserved inhibitory domain of GCM2 can cause familial isolated hyperparathyroidism.
Title: GCM2-Activating Mutations in Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Hyperparathyroidism 4 MedGen: C4479229 OMIM: 617343 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs
Hypoparathyroidism, familial isolated, 2 MedGen: C5394383 OMIM: 618883 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association studies identify loci associated with age at menarche and age at natural menopause. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:486970

GCM2_2360 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:280692

RH102056 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:96390

G31527 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:23442

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in gliogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in parathyroid gland development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: chorion-specific transcription factor GCMb

Names: GCM motif protein 2; glial cells missing 2; glial cells missing homolog 2; glial cells missing homolog b; glide/gcm protein homolog

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.