Cga glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Cgaprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunitprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:88390
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000028298 AllianceGenome:MGI:88390
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: HCG; LHA; FSHA; Tsha; aGSU; GPHA1; alphaSU; CG-alpha; GPHalpha; alphaGSU; alpha-GSU
Summary: Predicted to enable follicle-stimulating hormone activity. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including gonadotropin secretion; thyroid gland development; and thyroid hormone generation. Predicted to be part of follicle-stimulating hormone complex. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. Is expressed in brain; future pituitary; and retina nuclear layer. Orthologous to human CGA (glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4 A5; 4 16.86 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	4	NC_000070.7 (34893779..34907374)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	4	NC_000070.6 (34893779..34907374)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000070.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

TSH, as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, aggravates vascular inflammation and contributes to atherogenesis.
Title: Thyrotropin aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage inflammation in plaques.
Data suggest that expression of Rps6ka5 in gonadotroph cell line is up-regulated by GnRH signaling and is required for Cga expression; GnRH-activates Rps6ka5 targets at the first nucleosome just downstream from the transcriptional start site. (Rps6ka5= mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Cga = gonadotropin alpha subunit)
Title: Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 is required for gonadotropin-releasing hormone-mediated activation of gonadotropin α-subunit expression.
TSH improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle by increasing Irs1 gene expression.
Title: Thyroid-stimulating hormone improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway-dependent upregulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 expression.
Oncogene-induced senescence is initiated in Braf(V600E)-induced papillary thyroid cancers when TSH is normal. TSH reduces p53 expression by upregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibiting OIS, resulting in tumor progression.
Title: TSH overcomes Braf(V600E)-induced senescence to promote tumor progression via downregulation of p53 expression in papillary thyroid cancer.
the Cga eRNA mediates the physical interaction between genomic regions and determines the chromatin structure of the proximal promoter to allow gene expression
Title: RNA transcribed from a distal enhancer is required for activating the chromatin at the promoter of the gonadotropin α-subunit gene.
Data suggest that highly bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH; both alpha [Cga] and beta [Lhb] subunits) is produced by embryo/blastocyst at time of implantation; LH bioactivity remains constant in blastocyst on days 5-10 after fertilization.
Title: Evidence for cross-talk between the LH receptor and LH during implantation in mice.
Disruption of type II deiodinase in thyrotrophs decreases their sensitivity to T4 thyroid hormone and thus elevates serum TSH.
Title: Coordination of hypothalamic and pituitary T3 production regulates TSH expression.
We have identified a post-transcriptional regulatory network active during mouse pituitary development in which the expression of the hormone alphaGSU is increased by let7b/c through downregulation of KSRP
Title: Let-7b/c enhance the stability of a tissue-specific mRNA during mammalian organogenesis as part of a feedback loop involving KSRP.
These results suggest that ADCYAP1 mainly increases Cga through activation of PKA and MAPK3/1, as well as through an additional unknown pathway.
Title: Cyclic adenosine 3',5'monophosphate/protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 pathways are involved in adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1-induced common alpha-glycoprotein subunit gene (Cga) expression in mouse pituitary gonadotroph LbetaT2 cells.
results suggest that in alphaT3-1 cells, dopamine D(2) receptors negatively regulate pituitary gonadotropin alpha subunit gene expression in association with the cAMP-dependent pathway
Title: Regulation of gonadotropin alpha subunit gene expression by dopamine D(2) receptor agonist in clonal mouse gonadotroph alphaT3-1 cells.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (2) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

Cga (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:507400

D4Mit41 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:130159

D4Nds3 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:142475

J00643 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:185575

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables follicle-stimulating hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables follicle-stimulating hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables follicle-stimulating hormone activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to hormone stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within developmental growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within follicle-stimulating hormone secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within gonad development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within luteinizing hormone secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of organ growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of organ growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of signaling receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of signaling receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within thyroid gland development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in thyroid hormone generation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within thyroid hormone generation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
part_of follicle-stimulating hormone complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of follicle-stimulating hormone complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of follicle-stimulating hormone complex	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
part_of pituitary gonadotropin complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glycoprotein hormones alpha chain

Names: FSH-alpha; LSH-alpha; TSH-alpha; anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha; follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain; follitropin alpha chain; luteinizing hormone alpha chain; lutropin alpha chain; thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain; thyrotropin alpha chain

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.