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    TGM4 transglutaminase 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 7047, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TGM4provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    transglutaminase 4provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:11780
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000163810 MIM:600585; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11780
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    TGP; hTGP
    Summary
    Predicted to enable protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in peptide cross-linking. Predicted to act upstream of or within mating plug formation. Located in Golgi apparatus and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Restricted expression toward prostate (RPKM 891.0) See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See TGM4 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3p21.31
    Exon count:
    15
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (44874608..44914990)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (44890333..44930718)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (44916100..44956482)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene kinesin family member 15 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19772 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14273 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14274 Neighboring gene microRNA 564 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 42 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44925386-44926063 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3821 Neighboring gene peptidylprolyl isomerase A pseudogene 18 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44940040-44940581 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44975255-44976082 Neighboring gene zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 3 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44981025-44981526 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:44981527-44982026 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 44 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:45000471-45001670 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:45016646-45017190 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14275 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14276 Neighboring gene exosome component 7 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19773

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Differential alternative splicing of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Cho SY, et al. Exp Mol Med, 2010 Apr 30. PMID 20177144, Free PMC Article
    2. Localization of the human prostate transglutaminase (type IV) gene (TGM4) to chromosome 3p21.33-p22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Gentile V, et al. Genomics, 1995 May 1. PMID 7665178
    3. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel transglutaminase cDNA from a human prostate cDNA library. Grant FJ, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1994 Sep 15. PMID 7916568
    4. Tissue specific and androgen-regulated expression of human prostate-specific transglutaminase. Dubbink HJ, et al. Biochem J, 1996 May 1. PMID 8645175, Free PMC Article
    5. Expression of the prostate transglutaminase (TGase-4) in prostate cancer cells and its impact on the invasiveness of prostate cancer. Davies G, et al. J Exp Ther Oncol, 2007. PMID 17552366

    See all (32) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Transglutaminase-4 (Prostate Transglutaminase), a Potential Biological Factor and Clinical Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.
      Title: Transglutaminase-4 (Prostate Transglutaminase), a Potential Biological Factor and Clinical Indicator for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.
    2. Biochemical Characterisation of Human Transglutaminase 4.
      Title: Biochemical Characterisation of Human Transglutaminase 4.
    3. TGM4 is elevated in the seminal plasma of prostate cancer patients.
      Title: Multi-omics Biomarker Pipeline Reveals Elevated Levels of Protein-glutamine Gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 in Seminal Plasma of Prostate Cancer Patients.
    4. TGM4 is a prostatic secretory molecule with critical role in male reproduction.
      Title: Transglutaminase 4 as a prostate autoantigen in male subfertility.
    5. indicated that transglutaminase 4 may serve as a potential predictor of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
      Title: Overexpression of transglutaminase 4 and prostate cancer progression: a potential predictor of less favourable outcomes.
    6. Evidence that the retinoic acid receptor gamma plays a major role in the regulation of the hTGP gene and that presence of the androgen receptor, but not its transcriptional transactivation activity, is critical for hTGP transcription.
      Title: Retinoic acid and androgen receptors combine to achieve tissue specific control of human prostatic transglutaminase expression: a novel regulatory network with broader significance.
    7. CDKN2A, GATA3, CREBBP, ITGA2, NBL1 and TGM4 were down-regulated in the prostate carcinoma glands compared to the corresponding normal glands
      Title: Analysis of laser-microdissected prostate cancer tissues reveals potential tumor markers.
    8. The presence of TGase-4 has a biological impact on a prostate cancer cell's response to MDA-7.
      Title: Prostate transglutaminase (TGase-4) antagonizes the anti-tumour action of MDA-7/IL-24 in prostate cancer.
    9. TGase-4 expression is intrinsically linked to the activation of RON in prostate cancer cells and that this autoactivation of RON contributes to the increased cell motility in TGase-4 expressing cells.
      Title: The prostate transglutaminase, TGase-4, coordinates with the HGFL/MSP-RON system in stimulating the migration of prostate cancer cells.
    10. The expression status of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer was analyzed.
      Title: Differential alternative splicing of human transglutaminase 4 in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association study identifies three novel susceptibility loci for severe Acne vulgaris.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Cyclosporin (CsA) treatment prevents gp120-dependent induction of apoptosis by blocking the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent effector elements such as transglutaminase (TG) proteins PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env The HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 is an amino acceptor and donor substrate for transglutaminase in vitro; soluble CD4 can block the transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of the polyamine spermidine into HIV-1 gp41 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ26776

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in Golgi apparatus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4
    Names
    TG(P)
    TGase P
    TGase-4
    fibrinoligase
    prostate transglutaminase
    prostate-specific transglutaminase
    transglutaminase 4 (prostate)
    transglutaminase P
    NP_003232.2
    XP_011532344.1
    XP_054187531.1
    XP_054203640.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_003241.4 → NP_003232.2  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003232.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC098649, BC007003, BF678064, DA870110, L34840
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2723.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P49221, Q16707, Q96QN4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R7D1
      Related
      ENSP00000296125.4, ENST00000296125.9
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00460
      Location:263 → 353
      TGc; Transglutaminase/protease-like homologues
      COG1305
      Location:266 → 353
      YebA; Transglutaminase-like enzyme, putative cysteine protease [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
      pfam00868
      Location:9 → 122
      Transglut_N; Transglutaminase family
      pfam00927
      Location:587 → 684
      Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      44874608..44914990
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011534042.3 → XP_011532344.1  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011532344.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J576, B2R7D1
      Related
      ENSP00000516167.1, ENST00000705784.1
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00460
      Location:308 → 398
      TGc; Transglutaminase/protease-like homologues
      COG1305
      Location:311 → 398
      YebA; Transglutaminase-like enzyme, putative cysteine protease [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
      pfam00868
      Location:54 → 167
      Transglut_N; Transglutaminase family
      pfam00927
      Location:632 → 729
      Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Genomic

    1. NW_009646197.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

      Range
      399958..440340
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054331556.1 → XP_054187531.1  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J576, B2R7D1

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      44890333..44930718
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054347665.1 → XP_054203640.1  protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J576, B2R7D1
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P49221.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P49221

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