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    TOC159 translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 827934, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TOC159
    Official Full Name
    translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT4G02510
    Locus tag
    AT4G02510
    See related
    Araport:AT4G02510
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ATTOC159; PLASTID PROTEIN IMPORT 2; PPI2; T10P11.19; TOC160; TOC86; translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159; TRANSLOCON AT THE OUTER ENVELOPE MEMBRANE OF CHLOROPLASTS 160; TRANSLOCON AT THE OUTER ENVELOPE MEMBRANE OF CHLOROPLASTS 86
    Summary
    An integral membrane GTPase that functions as a transit-sequence receptor required for the import of proteins necessary for chloroplast biogenesis. Located in the outer chloroplast membrane. Phosphorylation of the G-domains regulate translocon assembly.
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    Genomic context

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    See TOC159 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 4
    Exon count:
    7
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (1104429..1111784)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene pseudo Neighboring gene UDP-xylosyltransferase 2 Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase PHI 2 Neighboring gene chloroplast thylakoid lumen protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003075.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. SUMOylation contributes to proteostasis of the chloroplast protein import receptor TOC159 during early development. Accossato S, et al. Elife, 2020 Dec 22. PMID 33350382, Free PMC Article
    2. Tandem duplications of a degenerated GTP-binding domain at the origin of GTPase receptors Toc159 and thylakoidal SRP. Hernández Torres J, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007 Dec 14. PMID 17950698
    3. The role of GTP binding and hydrolysis at the atToc159 preprotein receptor during protein import into chloroplasts. Wang F, et al. J Cell Biol, 2008 Oct 6. PMID 18824565, Free PMC Article
    4. Multiple sequence motifs in the rubisco small subunit transit peptide independently contribute to Toc159-dependent import of proteins into chloroplasts. Lee DW, et al. Plant Physiol, 2009 Sep. PMID 19571307, Free PMC Article
    5. The acidic domains of the Toc159 chloroplast preprotein receptor family are intrinsically disordered protein domains. Richardson LG, et al. BMC Biochem, 2009 Dec 30. PMID 20042108, Free PMC Article

    See all (49) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. SUMOylation contributes to proteostasis of the chloroplast protein import receptor TOC159 during early development.
      Title: SUMOylation contributes to proteostasis of the chloroplast protein import receptor TOC159 during early development.
    2. AtToc159, a chloroplast import receptor contributes to determining chloroplast import specificity
      Title: Molecular Mechanism of the Specificity of Protein Import into Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Plant Cells.
    3. DELLA negatively regulates TOC159 protein abundance under low gibberellic acid. The direct DELLA-TOC159 interaction promotes TOC159 degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system.
      Title: Chloroplast Biogenesis Controlled by DELLA-TOC159 Interaction in Early Plant Development.
    4. atToc132 can serve as a receptor by directly binding to chloroplast preproteins but also proposes the existence of subsets of preproteins with different but overlapping affinities for more than one member of the Toc159 receptor family.
      Title: A split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screen to examine the substrate specificity of atToc159 and atToc132, two Arabidopsis chloroplast preprotein import receptors.
    5. these data suggest that the Toc159 receptor is required in the import of stearoyl-ACP desaturase and MGD1 synthase into the chloroplasts.
      Title: A mutant of the Arabidopsis thaliana TOC159 gene accumulates reduced levels of linolenic acid and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol.
    6. the contribution of the import receptor Toc159 to the assembly of the chloroplast proteome
      Title: Plastid proteome assembly without Toc159: photosynthetic protein import and accumulation of N-acetylated plastid precursor proteins.
    7. The Toc159 A-domain participates in preprotein selectivity, has typical features of intrinsically unfolded proteins, is highly phosphorylated and possibly released from the rest of the protein by a proteolytic event.
      Title: Modifications at the A-domain of the chloroplast import receptor Toc159.
    8. This review discusses TOC33 and TOC159, the major protein components of the translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) complex.
      Title: Dimerization of TOC receptor GTPases and its implementation for the control of protein import into chloroplasts.
    9. Study show that the overexpression of Toc90 partially complements the albino knockout of Toc159 and restores photoautotrophic growth.
      Title: The chloroplast import receptor Toc90 partially restores the accumulation of Toc159 client proteins in the Arabidopsis thaliana ppi2 mutant.
    10. The A-domain is not simply degraded but it accumulates as a soluble, phosphorylated protein separated from Toc159.
      Title: The acidic A-domain of Arabidopsis TOC159 occurs as a hyperphosphorylated protein.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    NM_001340383.1
    NM_001340384.1
    NM_001340385.1
    NM_116485.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables GTPase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein import into chloroplast stroma IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein targeting to chloroplast IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein targeting to chloroplast IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of TOC-TIC supercomplex I IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast HDA PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast envelope HDA PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast outer membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol HDA PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in plastid HDA PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159
    NP_001319848.1
    • translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159 (TOC159); FUNCTIONS IN: transmembrane receptor activity, GTPase activity; INVOLVED IN: protein targeting to chloroplast; LOCATED IN: chloroplast outer membrane, cytosol, chloroplast, membrane, chloroplast envelope; EXPRESSED IN: 26 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Chloroplast protein import component Toc86/159 (InterPro:IPR005690), AIG1 (InterPro:IPR006703); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: multimeric translocon complex in the outer envelope membrane 132 (TAIR:AT2G16640.1); Has 20720 Blast hits to 13966 proteins in 1613 species: Archae - 439; Bacteria - 5942; Metazoa - 6041; Fungi - 2379; Plants - 1534; Viruses - 151; Other Eukaryotes - 4234 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      1104429..1111784
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001340383.1 → NP_001319848.1  translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O22774, O81283, Q56W83, Q945M4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178V752

    2. NM_001340384.1 → NP_001328636.1  translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O22774, O81283, Q56W83, Q945M4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178V752

    3. NM_116485.4 → NP_567242.2  translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_567242.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O22774, O81283, Q56W83, Q945M4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178V752
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd01853
      Location:825 → 1078
      Toc34_like; Translocon at the Outer-envelope membrane of Chloroplasts 34-like (Toc34-like)
      TIGR00993
      Location:739 → 1503
      3a0901s04IAP86; chloroplast protein import component Toc86/159, G and M domains
      pfam11886
      Location:1225 → 1490
      TOC159_MAD; Translocase of chloroplast 159/132, membrane anchor domain

    4. NM_001340385.1 → NP_001328635.1  translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O22774, O81283, Q56W83, Q945M4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178V752
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O81283.1

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