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Asp
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asp
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Two ASP peptide sequences, ASP-YL9 (89YLYNSLLQL97) and ASP-TL10 (79TPNGSIFTTL88), show high binding affinity to HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 molecules, respectively |
PubMed
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asp
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Antisense reading frame-derived cryptic epitopes from the gag, pol, and nef genes are inhibited by the predicted HLA-I alleles, and presented by HIV-1-infected CD8+ T-cells |
PubMed
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asp
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Antisense reading frame-derived cryptic epitopes from the env gene are inhibited by the HLA-I alleles in CD8+ T-cells |
PubMed
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Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
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env
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Conformational changes in HIV-1 gp120, including an enhanced expression of the V3 loop of gp120 and of epitopes that are exposed upon CD4 binding, are consistent with the formation of a multimolecular complex between HLA class I and gp120/160 |
PubMed
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env
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Treatment of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 gp120 significantly increases CD4 association with CD3, CD45RA, CD45RB, CD59, CD38, CD26 and HLA class I, and decreases that with CD45RC |
PubMed
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|
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor
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env
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HIV-1 gp160-derived peptide p18 presented by H-2Dd class I major histocompatibility complex molecules is processed by angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) prior to T cell stimulation by the peptide p18 |
PubMed
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env
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Epitope Env37-46 from HIV-1 gp160 binds strongly to HLA-A3 molecules and forms very stable complexes |
PubMed
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Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41
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env
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Soluble HIV-1 gp41 enhancement effects on MHC class I and II antigen expression can be inhibited by soluble gp41-binding proteins of 45, 49 and 62 kD from human B cells |
PubMed
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env
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Soluble HIV-1 gp41 can selectively enhance MHC class I and II expression on human B cells, but does not increase expression of other cell surface antigens such as CD21 and CD54 (ICAM-1) |
PubMed
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env
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HIV-1 gp41 selectively enhances MHC class I, ICAM-1, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega expression in H9 cells |
PubMed
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Nef
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nef
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HIV-1 (SF2) Nef downregulates MHC-I (HLA-A/B/C); downregulation is dependent upon a proline-rich SH3 binding domain in Nef |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 NL4-3 and SK68 Nef downregulates HLA-A (HLA-A*02), which is dependent upon amino acids M20 and S88 |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 NL4-3 and subtype B Nef downregulates HLA-A more than HLA-B, which discerned by amino acid 202 in Nef |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 NL4-3 Nef downregulates HLA-A/B/C, which moderately requires the CPG-motif in Nef |
PubMed
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nef
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A methionine residue at amino acid 20 in the alpha-helix domain of HIV-1 Nef is required for the ability of Nef to downregulate MHC-I expression but not for the downregulation of CD4 |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef downregulates the expression of MHC-I at the surface of lymphoid, monocytic and epithelial cells, causing MHC-I molecules to be rapidly internalized, accumulated in endosomal vesicles and degraded |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef interacts with HLA-A (MHC1) and this interaction occurs partially within RAB5+ early endosomes |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef downregulates cell (CEMT4) surface expression of HLA-A |
PubMed
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nef
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Expression of HIV-1 Nef in human T cells inhibits HLA-A2 transport to the cell surface |
PubMed
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nef
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In promonocytic cells, Nef/Hck recruits the ZAP-70 homolog Syk to downregulate MHC-I |
PubMed
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nef
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Nef/Hck complex recruits and phosphorylates the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70, which binds class I PI3K to trigger MHC-I downregulation in primary CD4+ T cells |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of MHC-I requires Nef motif EEEE(65)-dependent binding to the sorting protein PACS-2, which targets Nef to the paranuclear region and enables Nef PXXP(75) to bind and activate a trans-Golgi network localized Src kinase |
PubMed
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nef
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Dominant active ARF1 (Q71L) potently stabilizes interactions among AP-1 mu1, HIV-1 Nef, and HLA-A2 and that the formation of a static complex sequesters necessary trafficking components |
PubMed
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nef
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Knocking down either AP-1 gamma, AP-1 mu1, or clathrin strongly inhibits Nef-induced downregulation of HLA-A2 |
PubMed
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nef
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beta-COP as a cellular cofactor is required for HIV-1 Nef-mediated HLA-A2, CD4, and CD8 downregulation |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef clones from acute controllers display a lesser ability to downregulate CD4 and HLA class I from the cell surface, and a reduced ability to enhance virion infectivity compared to those from acute progressors |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef clones obtained from chronic patients infected with HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C or D show a functional hierarchy of subtype B > A/D > C for Nef-mediated HLA class I downregulation |
PubMed
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nef
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HLA supertypes such as HLA B*07, HLA B*58, HLA A*02 and HLA A*03 are most successful in restricting the amino acid positions of epitope dense regions of HIV-1 Nef, CA, and MA with low entropy and hydrophobic property |
PubMed
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nef
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Protective HLA alleles have a true preference for HIV-1 Gag protein, while non-protective HLA alleles preferentially interact with HIV-1 Nef |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef clones, isolated from plasma of elite controllers (EC) and chronic progressors (CP), show significantly lower HLA class I downregulation activity in EC than that in CP |
PubMed
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nef
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Interaction of HIV-1 Nef with the mu subunit of AP adaptor complexes requires the recognition of tyrosine-based sorting signals, which likely facilitates the connection between MHC I and the clathrin-dependent sorting machinery during MHC I downregulation |
PubMed
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nef
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Four glutamic acids from position 62 to 65 in the SH3 domain of HIV-1 Nef bind to the cytoplasmic tail at position 320Y of MHC-I, and are required for the Nef-mediated downregulation of MHC-I from the cell surface |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 selectively downregulates HLA-A and HLA-B but does not significantly affect HLA-C or HLA-E, which allows HIV-infected cells to avoid NK cell-mediated lysis; this effect is likely mediated by the HIV-1 Nef protein |
PubMed
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nef
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The N-terminal alpha helix (17-26), polyproline (72-78), acidic (62-65), and oligomerization (123) domains of HIV-1 Nef are required for Nef-mediated disruption of the transport of HLA-A2 to the cell surface and for Nef to coprecipitate with HLA-A2 |
PubMed
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nef
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The ability of HIV-1 Nef to disrupt MHC-I trafficking and inhibit antigen presentation is regulated by the expression of the mu1 subunit of adaptor protein (AP) AP-1A, a cellular protein complex implicated in TGN to endolysosomal pathways |
PubMed
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nef
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Different levels of MHC-I modulation are induced by different HIV-1 Nef proteins derived from HIV-1 infected adults and children |
PubMed
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nef
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The HIV-1 Nef highly conserved valine-glycine-phenylalanine amino acid triplet (VGF) motif, which links the acidic cluster and the proline-rich motif, is important for downregulation of CXCR4 and MHC-I |
PubMed
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nef
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HLA-A2 molecules with HLA-A cytoplasmic domains are more downregulated by HIV-1 Nef than those with HLA-B domains. There is no downregulation of HLA-A2 with HLA-C cytoplasmic domains by Nef |
PubMed
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nef
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Asp327 and Tyr320 of MHC-I, Asp123 of Nef, and Arg225, Arg393, Lys396, Arg211, and Arg246 of mu 1 are involved in a crucial three-way electrostatic network, which results in the Nef-MHC-I CD-mu 1 complex formation |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef with A84D, Y135F, and G140R mutation impairs to its ability to downregulate MHC-I |
PubMed
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nef
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Double (W13A/V16R) and triple (W13A/V16R/M20A) substitution mutants of HIV-1 Nef fail to downregulate MHC-I |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef acidic (Glu62-65) and polyproline domains (Pro75/78) stabilize the interaction between the HLA-A2/Nef fusion protein and AP-1 mu1 |
PubMed
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nef
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Mutating three amino acids (Y320, A324, and D327) in the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-A2 abrogates Nef-induced downregulation of HLA-A2 through a failuer to recruit the mu1 or gamma subunits of AP-1 |
PubMed
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nef
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Knocking down AP-2 enhances Nef activity by causing increased delivery of HLA-A2 to a prelysosomal compartment |
PubMed
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nef
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MHC-I is found in the Rab7(+) vesicles and targeted for degradation via the activity of the Nef-interacting protein, beta-COP |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef sequesters HLA-I A2 and colocalizes with CD63 and LAMP1 markers in late endosomes and lysosomes |
PubMed
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nef
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ARF6(T27N/Q67L) and RAB11(Q67L) mutants induce significant reversal of HLA-I A2 downregulation by HIV-1 Nef through redistributing HLA-I A2 from the perinuclear vesicles to the peripheral punctate vesicles at the plasma membrane |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef-induced downregulation of MHC-I expression and MHC-I targeting to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) require the binding of Nef to PACS-1, a molecule that controls the TGN localization of the cellular protein furin |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef downregulates expression of MHC-I by blocking transport of MHC-I molecules to the cell surface through a mechanism that requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity |
PubMed
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nef
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Two distinct regions of HIV-1 Nef modulate MHC-I cell surface expression: an N-terminal alpha-helix (residues 17-26) and a proline-rich motif (residues 75-78) |
PubMed
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nef
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The HIV-1 Nef 73-82 epitope binds strongly to HLA-A3 molecules and forms very stable complexes |
PubMed
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nef
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Mutation of amino acid P78 in HIV-1 Nef affects downregulation of MHC-I molecules from the cell surface, but does not interfere with Nef binding to Src homology 3 (SH3) domains |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef induces drastic and moderate downregulation of CD4 and MHC-I in resting CD4(+) T lymphocytes, respectively, but markedly upregulates cell surface levels of the MHC-II invariant chain CD74 |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef has been observed to downregulate HLA-A2 on immature dendritic cells from two donors |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of HLA class I suppresses the cytolytic activity of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones |
PubMed
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nef
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Macrophage-tropic HIV-1 Nef downregulates expression of HLA-A2 on the surface of productively infected macrophages; point mutations in Nef at prolines P74 or P80 abrogate the downregulation of HLA-A2 |
PubMed
|
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef downregulates MHC-I in Jurkat cells in a concentration-dependent manner |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef downregulates human MHC-I more efficiently than murine MHC-I molecules in HeLa cells, and Nef does not function efficiently in murine endothelial cells |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef alleles derived from perinatally infected children efficiently downregulate both CD4 and MHC-I in HeLa-CD4+ cells |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 group N and group O Nef alleles only weakly downregulate CD4, CD28, and class I and II MHC molecules |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef disrupts antigen presentation by binding to MHC-I (HLA-A2) hypophosphorylated cytoplasmic tails in the endoplasmic reticulum; this Nef-MHC-I complex migrates normally into the Golgi apparatus but subsequently fails to arrive at the cell surface |
PubMed
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nef
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PxxP motifs in HIV-1 Nef induce the accumulation of CCR5 in a perinuclear compartment where both molecules co-localize with MHC-1 |
PubMed
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nef
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The HIV-1 Nef mutant NefAAAA, which cannot interact with the endosomal sorting protein PACS-1, increases the number of cells containing long and stable tubules, which allows the internalization of MHC-1 into the tubules from the cell surface |
PubMed
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nef
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Downregulation of MHC-I by HIV-1 Nef decreases the incorporation of MHC-I molecules into virions, but does not decrease virion infectivity |
PubMed
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nef
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Downregulation of major histocompatibility class I on human dendritic cells by HIV-1 Nef impairs antigen presentation to HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes |
PubMed
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nef
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A dominant-negative mutant protein derived from Hck, (composed of the N-terminal region, SH2, and SH3 domains) interacts with HIV-1 Nef and inhibits Nef-induced downregulation of MHC class I |
PubMed
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nef
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Deletion of the 19 N-terminal amino acids including the myristoylation signal from HIV-1 Nef inhibits both MHC-I and CD4 downregulation while preserving most CTL, T-helper and B-cell epitopes |
PubMed
|
|
Pol
|
gag-pol
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The HIV-1 Pol 325-333 epitope binds strongly to HLA-A3 molecules and forms very stable complexes |
PubMed
|
|
Pr55(Gag)
|
gag
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HIV-1 p6 Gag mutation affects HLA-A antigen presentation; p6 mutation of Glu residues to Alas impairs Gag processing & virus release and enhances Gag-membrane association with increased polyubiquitation & entry of Gag into the MHC-1 presentation pathway |
PubMed
|
|
gag
|
Protective HLA alleles have a true preference for HIV-1 Gag protein, while non-protective HLA alleles preferentially interact with HIV-1 Nef |
PubMed
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|
gag
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The S40F mutation in HIV-1 p6 enhances MHC-I antigen presentation of Gag |
PubMed
|
|
gag
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HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles efficiently activate human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) and induce MDDC maturation with an associated increase in the surface expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC classes I and II |
PubMed
|
|
gag
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The PTAP L-domains in the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag regulates ubiquitination of Gag which controls MHC-I presentation and gag processing in the DRiP pathway. |
PubMed
|
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gag
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The degree of HIV-1 Nef-mediated HLA-A2 downregulation strongly influences recognition of virus-infected cells by the Gag-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone |
PubMed
|
|
gag
|
Targeting HIV-1 Gag into the defective ribosomal product pathway enhances MHC class I antigen presentation and CD8+ T cell activation |
PubMed
|
|
gag
|
The HIV-1 Gag 20-28 epitope binds strongly to HLA-A3 molecules and forms very stable complexes |
PubMed
|
|
Tat
|
tat
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Four mutations (C27S, K51T, R55L, and G79A) on HIV-1 Tat result in the loss of the deleterious effects of Tat on the expression of MHC I, IL-2, and CD25 genes compared with wild-type Tat in Jurkat cells |
PubMed
|
|
tat
|
HIV-1 Tat upregulates MHC class I in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD8(+) T cells, thereby driving T cell-mediated immune responses |
PubMed
|
|
tat
|
HIV-1 Tat represses the MHC class I gene promoter by binding to and repressing TAFII250, a component of the general transcription factor TFIID, suggesting a mechanism for HIV-1 to downregulate MHC class I expression and avoid immune surveillance |
PubMed
|
|
Vpr
|
vpr
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A stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics identifies upregulation of HLA-A (A-68 alpha chain) expression by HIV-1 Vpr in Vpr transduced macrophages |
PubMed
|
|
Vpu
|
vpu
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Using antibodies specific to MHC class I A, B, and C molecules (clone W6/32), HIV-1 Vpu protein has been shown to downregulate the expression of MHC class I molecules on the surface of HIV-1 infected cells |
PubMed
|
|
vpu
|
HLA class I-associated immune responses have minor effects on Vpu variability, suggesting that Vpu conformation and function are preserved through many possible combinations of primary and secondary polymorphisms |
PubMed
|
|
capsid
|
gag
|
HLA supertypes such as HLA B*07, HLA B*58, HLA A*02 and HLA A*03 are most successful in restricting the amino acid positions of epitope dense regions of HIV-1 Nef, CA, and MA with low entropy and hydrophobic property |
PubMed
|
|
matrix
|
gag
|
HLA supertypes such as HLA B*07, HLA B*58, HLA A*02 and HLA A*03 are most successful in restricting the amino acid positions of epitope dense regions of HIV-1 Nef, CA, and MA with low entropy and hydrophobic property |
PubMed
|
|
p6
|
gag
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The S40F mutation in HIV-1 p6 enhances MHC-I antigen presentation of Gag |
PubMed
|