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    RALB RAS like proto-oncogene B [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5899, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    RALBprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    RAS like proto-oncogene Bprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9840
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000144118 MIM:179551; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9840
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Summary
    This gene encodes a GTP-binding protein that belongs to the small GTPase superfamily and Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in esophagus (RPKM 28.5), appendix (RPKM 25.0) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See RALB in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2q14.2
    Exon count:
    10
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (120240070..120294710)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (120674829..120729465)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (121010428..121052286)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MT-ND5 pseudogene 28 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11916 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:120981014-120981174 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:120981269-120981932 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 185B Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16456 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16457 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16458 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105373583 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:120995479-120996678 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:121000550-121001500 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:121003065-121003640 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:121003641-121004217 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11918 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16459 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:121041209-121041722 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16460 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:121048087-121048782 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:121070991-121071514 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105373584 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:121082735-121083235 Neighboring gene putative cuticle collagen 91 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr2.4367

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Chromosomal localization and cDNA sequence of human ralB, a GTP binding protein. Hsieh CL, et al. Somat Cell Mol Genet, 1990 Jul. PMID 2120779
    2. Localization of RalB signaling at endomembrane compartments and its modulation by autophagy. Singh MK, et al. Sci Rep, 2019 Jun 20. PMID 31222145, Free PMC Article
    3. RalB directly triggers invasion downstream Ras by mobilizing the Wave complex. Zago G, et al. Elife, 2018 Oct 15. PMID 30320548, Free PMC Article
    4. RALB provides critical survival signals downstream of Ras in acute myeloid leukemia. Eckfeldt CE, et al. Oncotarget, 2016 Oct 4. PMID 27556501, Free PMC Article
    5. Inhibition of Ral GTPases Using a Stapled Peptide Approach. Thomas JC, et al. J Biol Chem, 2016 Aug 26. PMID 27334922, Free PMC Article

    See all (87) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Ral GTPase-activating protein regulates the malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
      Title: Ral GTPase-activating protein regulates the malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
    2. MicroRNA-139 inhibits pancreatic-cancer carcinogenesis by suppressing RalB via the Ral/RAC/PI3K pathway.
      Title: MicroRNA-139 inhibits pancreatic-cancer carcinogenesis by suppressing RalB via the Ral/RAC/PI3K pathway.
    3. RALB GTPase: a critical regulator of DR5 expression and TRAIL sensitivity in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer.
      Title: RALB GTPase: a critical regulator of DR5 expression and TRAIL sensitivity in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer.
    4. Localization of RalB signaling at endomembrane compartments and its modulation by autophagy.
      Title: Localization of RalB signaling at endomembrane compartments and its modulation by autophagy.
    5. RalA and RalB both relocalize to mitochondria following depolarization in a process dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of RalA and RalB leads to an increase in the activity of the atypical IkappaB kinase TBK1 both basally and in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
      Title: RalA and RalB relocalization to depolarized mitochondria depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis and facilitates TBK1 activation.
    6. RalB expression at protein level increases in a manner consistent with progression toward metastasis.
      Title: RalB directly triggers invasion downstream Ras by mobilizing the Wave complex.
    7. our work provides new insight into the specific roles of Ras effector pathways in acute myeloid leukemia and has identified RALB signaling as a key survival pathway
      Title: RALB provides critical survival signals downstream of Ras in acute myeloid leukemia.
    8. This study identifies a novel regulatory crosstalk between Ral and Arf6 that controls Ral function in cells.
      Title: Ral-Arf6 crosstalk regulates Ral dependent exocyst trafficking and anchorage independent growth signalling.
    9. High RALB expression is associated with acute myeloid leukemia.
      Title: Ras oncogene-independent activation of RALB signaling is a targetable mechanism of escape from NRAS(V12) oncogene addiction in acute myeloid leukemia.
    10. Inhibition of Ral GTPases Using a Stapled Peptide Approach.
      Title: Inhibition of Ral GTPases Using a Stapled Peptide Approach.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (39)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog B (ras related; GTP binding protein; RALB) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATPase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables G protein activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables GDP binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GDP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables GTP binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GTP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables GTP binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables GTPase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GTPase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in Ras protein signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to exogenous dsRNA IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to starvation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of protein binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of autophagosome assembly IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in receptor internalization IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of exocyst assembly ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of exocyst localization ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in midbody IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    ras-related protein Ral-B
    Names
    RALB Ras like proto-oncogene B
    RAS-like protein B
    ras related GTP binding protein B
    v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog B (ras related; GTP binding protein)
    NP_001356329.1
    NP_002872.1
    XP_005263785.1
    XP_047301313.1
    XP_047301314.1
    XP_047301315.1
    XP_047301316.1
    XP_047301317.1
    XP_047301318.1
    XP_047301319.1
    XP_047301320.1
    XP_047301321.1
    XP_054199225.1
    XP_054199226.1
    XP_054199227.1
    XP_054199228.1
    XP_054199229.1
    XP_054199230.1
    XP_054199231.1
    XP_054199232.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001369400.1 → NP_001356329.1  ras-related protein Ral-B

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC012363
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2131.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1
      Related
      ENSP00000414224.1, ENST00000420510.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04139
      Location:15 → 178
      RalA_RalB; Ral (Ras-like) family containing highly homologous RalA and RalB

    2. NM_002881.3 → NP_002872.1  ras-related protein Ral-B

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002872.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK127675, BC018163, BQ893549, M35416
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2131.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1
      Related
      ENSP00000272519.4, ENST00000272519.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04139
      Location:15 → 178
      RalA_RalB; Ral (Ras-like) family containing highly homologous RalA and RalB

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      120240070..120294710
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047445359.1 → XP_047301315.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X3

    2. XM_047445357.1 → XP_047301313.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X1

    3. XM_047445358.1 → XP_047301314.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X2

    4. XM_047445361.1 → XP_047301317.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X4

    5. XM_047445363.1 → XP_047301319.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X5

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1

    6. XM_047445365.1 → XP_047301321.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X6

    7. XM_047445362.1 → XP_047301318.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X5

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1

    8. XM_047445364.1 → XP_047301320.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X5

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1

    9. XM_005263728.2 → XP_005263785.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005263785.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1
      Related
      ENSP00000398162.1, ENST00000412383.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04139
      Location:15 → 178
      RalA_RalB; Ral (Ras-like) family containing highly homologous RalA and RalB

    10. XM_047445360.1 → XP_047301316.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X4

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      120674829..120729465
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054343251.1 → XP_054199226.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X3

    2. XM_054343250.1 → XP_054199225.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X2

    3. XM_054343253.1 → XP_054199228.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X4

    4. XM_054343256.1 → XP_054199231.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X5

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1

    5. XM_054343257.1 → XP_054199232.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X6

    6. XM_054343254.1 → XP_054199229.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X5

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1

    7. XM_054343255.1 → XP_054199230.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X5

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4E040, P11234, Q53T32, Q6ZS74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C9J6B1

    8. XM_054343252.1 → XP_054199227.1  ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X4

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P11234.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P11234

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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