HCAR2 hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: HCAR2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:24827
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000182782 MIM:609163; AllianceGenome:HGNC:24827
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: HCA2; HM74a; HM74b; PUMAG; NIACR1; Puma-g; GPR109A
Summary: Predicted to enable nicotinic acid receptor activity. Involved in neutrophil apoptotic process and positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process. Located in cell junction and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 12q24.31

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	12	NC_000012.12 (122701293..122703357, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	12	NC_060936.1 (122696704..122698768, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	12	NC_000012.11 (123185840..123187904, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates insulin resistance via activation of intestinal GPR109a.
Title: Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates insulin resistance via activation of intestinal GPR109a.
[GPR109A partly mediates inhibitory effects of beta-hydroxybutyric acid on lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion].
Title: [GPR109A partly mediates inhibitory effects of β-hydroxybutyric acid on lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion].
Structural basis for ligand recognition and signaling of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2.
Title: Structural basis for ligand recognition and signaling of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2.
Ebola Virus Infection Induces HCAR2 Expression Leading to Cell Death.
Title: Ebola Virus Infection Induces HCAR2 Expression Leading to Cell Death.
Rare and potentially pathogenic variants in hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor genes identified in breast cancer cases.
Title: Rare and potentially pathogenic variants in hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor genes identified in breast cancer cases.
GPR Expression in Intestinal Biopsies From SCT Patients Is Upregulated in GvHD and Is Suppressed by Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics.
Title: GPR Expression in Intestinal Biopsies From SCT Patients Is Upregulated in GvHD and Is Suppressed by Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics.
Niacin Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis by Inhibiting De Novo Lipogenesis Via a GPR109A-Mediated PKC-ERK1/2-AMPK Signaling Pathway in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.
Title: Niacin Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis by Inhibiting De Novo Lipogenesis Via a GPR109A-Mediated PKC-ERK1/2-AMPK Signaling Pathway in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.
Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2 Is a Zika Virus Restriction Factor That Can Be Induced by Zika Virus Infection Through the IRE1-XBP1 Pathway.
Title: Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2 Is a Zika Virus Restriction Factor That Can Be Induced by Zika Virus Infection Through the IRE1-XBP1 Pathway.
This review summarizes the use of niacin in treatment of dyslipidemia, the pharmacogenetics of niacin response and the potential role of HCAR2 signaling in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
Title: Activation of HCAR2 by niacin: benefits beyond lipid lowering.
C. butyricum decreased the fecal secondary BA contents, increased the cecal SCFA quantities, and activated G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs), such as GPR43 and GPR109A. The analysis of clinical specimens revealed that the expression of GPR43 and GPR109A gradually decreased from human normal colonic tissue to adenoma to carcinoma
Title: Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing probiotic, inhibits intestinal tumor development through modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (44)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

General gene information

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Markers

GC09S04 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:464641

RH17364 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:48676

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables nicotinic acid receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables nicotinic acid receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in neutrophil apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of adiponectin secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2

Names: G protein-coupled receptor HM74a; G-protein coupled receptor 109A; G-protein coupled receptor HM74A; hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2; niacin receptor 1; nicotinic acid receptor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.