Gck glucokinase [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gckprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: glucokinaseprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1270854
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000041798 AllianceGenome:MGI:1270854
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Gk; GLK; HK4; HKIV; HXKP; Hlb62; MODY2; Gls006
Summary: Enables glucokinase activity. Involved in calcium ion import; intracellular glucose homeostasis; and positive regulation of insulin secretion. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including NADP metabolic process; carbohydrate phosphorylation; and regulation of insulin secretion. Located in cytosol; mitochondrion; and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; brain; genitourinary system; musculoskeletal system; and sensory organ. Used to study familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 3; hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia; maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in artery disease (multiple) and glucose metabolism disease (multiple). Orthologous to human GCK (glucokinase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in liver adult (RPKM 44.2), liver E18 (RPKM 7.5) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 11 A1; 11 3.88 cM

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	11	NC_000077.7 (5850816..5900081, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	11	NC_000077.6 (5900816..5950081, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000077.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

MAP4K3/GLK inhibits Treg differentiation by direct phosphorylating IKKbeta and inducing IKKbeta-mediated FoxO1 nuclear export and Foxp3 downregulation.
Title: MAP4K3/GLK inhibits Treg differentiation by direct phosphorylating IKKβ and inducing IKKβ-mediated FoxO1 nuclear export and Foxp3 downregulation.
Ablation of glucokinase-expressing tanycytes impacts energy balance and increases adiposity in mice.
Title: Ablation of glucokinase-expressing tanycytes impacts energy balance and increases adiposity in mice.
Biphasic dynamics of beta cell mass in a mouse model of congenital hyperinsulinism: implications for type 2 diabetes.
Title: Biphasic dynamics of beta cell mass in a mouse model of congenital hyperinsulinism: implications for type 2 diabetes.
Glucokinase is required for high-starch diet-induced beta-cell mass expansion in mice.
Title: Glucokinase is required for high-starch diet-induced β-cell mass expansion in mice.
Berberine alleviates hyperglycemia by targeting hepatic glucokinase in diabetic db/db mice.
Title: Berberine alleviates hyperglycemia by targeting hepatic glucokinase in diabetic db/db mice.
PASK regulated some of the genes and proteins responsible for glucose sensing, such as glucokinase.
Title: PAS Kinase deficiency alters the glucokinase function and hepatic metabolism.
These data also imply an etiological role of GCK in diet-induced diabetes.
Title: Impaired β-cell glucokinase as an underlying mechanism in diet-induced diabetes.
Long-term treatment with octanoic acid increased cellular glucose uptake in MIN6 cells by up-regulating the expression of glucokinase (GK).
Title: Octanoic acid potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and expression of glucokinase through the olfactory receptor in pancreatic β-cells.
a nuclear import of glucokinase mediated by a redundant mechanism, involving a nuclear localization signal, and which is modulated by its SUMOylation, is reported.
Title: Nuclear import of glucokinase in pancreatic beta-cells is mediated by a nuclear localization signal and modulated by SUMOylation.
Glucokinase governs an alpha-cell metabolic pathway that suppresses secretion at or above normoglycemic levels; abnormal suppression of glucagon secretion deregulates hepatic glucose metabolism and, over time, induces a pre-diabetic phenotype.
Title: α-cell glucokinase suppresses glucose-regulated glucagon secretion.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (55)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Chemically induced (ENU) (20) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (6)
Targeted (14) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

L41631 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:185863

Gck (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506932

Gk (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:166218

Gk (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143214

PMC86435P5 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273527

Gck (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256889

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ADP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ATP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ATP binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables D-glucose binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables D-glucose binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables fructokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables fructokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables fructokinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables glucokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glucokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glucokinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables glucokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glucokinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables glucokinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables glucose sensor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables hexokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hexokinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables magnesium ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables mannokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables mannokinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables mannokinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein phosphatase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within NADP metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in calcium ion import	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within carbohydrate phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within carbohydrate phosphorylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to glucose starvation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to leptin stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glycolytic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within intracellular glucose homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipid homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in mannose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in mannose metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of epinephrine secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycolytic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of insulin secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of insulin secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of potassium ion transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to glucose	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in actin filament	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in basal cortex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cell cortex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hexokinase-4

Names: HK IV; hexokinase type IV; hexokinase-D

NP_001274315.1

EC 2.7.1.1

NP_034422.2

EC 2.7.1.1

XP_006514506.1

EC 2.7.1.1

XP_006514507.1

EC 2.7.1.1

XP_036012092.1

EC 2.7.1.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001287386.1 → NP_001274315.1 hexokinase-4 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001274315.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate first exon and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is expressed in liver and has a distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AL645469

Consensus CDS

CCDS70135.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5SVI6

Related

ENSMUSP00000105448.3, ENSMUST00000109823.9

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG5026
Location:16 → 458

COG5026; Hexokinase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]

pfam00349
Location:16 → 215

Hexokinase_1
NM_010292.5 → NP_034422.2 hexokinase-4 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034422.2

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the isoform expressed in pancreatic islet beta cells.

Source sequence(s)

AL645469

Consensus CDS

CCDS24409.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P52791, P52792

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5SVI5

Related

ENSMUSP00000099984.4, ENSMUST00000102920.4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG5026
Location:8 → 458

COG5026; Hexokinase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]

pfam00349
Location:15 → 215

Hexokinase_1

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000077.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

5850816..5900081 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006514444.2 → XP_006514507.1 hexokinase-4 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG5026
Location:8 → 418

COG5026; Hexokinase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]

pfam00349
Location:15 → 215

Hexokinase_1
XM_006514443.5 → XP_006514506.1 hexokinase-4 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG5026
Location:16 → 418

COG5026; Hexokinase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]

pfam00349
Location:16 → 215

Hexokinase_1
XM_036156199.1 → XP_036012092.1 hexokinase-4 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03727
Location:14 → 158

Hexokinase_2