pha-4 Defective pharyngeal development protein 4 [Caenorhabditis elegans] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: pha-4
Official Full Name: Defective pharyngeal development protein 4
Primary source: WormBase:WBGene00004013
Locus tag: CELE_F38A6.1
See related: AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00004013
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including determination of adult lifespan; positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process; and response to sodium arsenite. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including arcade cell; enteric muscle; gonad; pharynx; and rectum. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in breast cancer; gastrointestinal system cancer (multiple); lung cancer (multiple); and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human FOXA1 (forkhead box A1) and FOXA2 (forkhead box A2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
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Genomic context

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See pha-4 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: V

Exon count:: 8

Sequence:: Chromosome: V; NC_003283.11 (20753052..20760317)

Chromosome V - NC_003283.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003283.11

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Reduced signaling through the insulin-like receptor daf-2/InsR in the maternal soma causes constitutively large progeny, and its effector daf-16/FoxO is required for this effect. nhr-49/Hnf4, pha-4/FoxA, and skn-1/Nrf also regulate progeny-size plasticity. Genetic analysis suggests that insulin-like signaling controls progeny size in part through regulation of nhr-49/Hnf4, and that pha-4/FoxA and skn-1/Nrf function
Title: Maternal Diet and Insulin-Like Signaling Control Intergenerational Plasticity of Progeny Size and Starvation Resistance.
results suggest that PHA-4 employs feed-forward loops to fine-tune gene expression and instil robustness in the system during energy crisis.
Title: PHA-4/FOXA-regulated microRNA feed forward loops during Caenorhabditis elegans dietary restriction.
these results suggest that Pol II recruitment, in addition to chromatin opening, is an important feature of PHA-4 pioneer factor activity.
Title: TRANSCRIPTION. Recruitment of RNA polymerase II by the pioneer transcription factor PHA-4.
A network analysis of aging-associated miRNAs connected to transcription factors PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf revealed extensive regulatory interactions between PHA-4, SKN-1, and miRNAs undergoing dietary restriction.
Title: MicroRNAs mediate dietary-restriction-induced longevity through PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf transcription factors.
Suppression of misfolding in muscle cells is achieved not only by enhanced expression of HSP90 in muscle cells but also by elevated expression of HSP90 (Daf-21) in intestine or neuronal cells. This cell-nonautonomous control of HSP90 expression relies upon transcriptional feedback between somatic tissues that is regulated by the FoxA transcription factor PHA-4.
Title: Regulation of organismal proteostasis by transcellular chaperone signaling.
PHA-4 binding and activation of pharyngeally expressed promoters was restricted to a subset of pharyngeal cells and excluded from the intestine.
Title: Dynamic chromatin organization during foregut development mediated by the organ selector gene PHA-4/FoxA.
features of PHA-4 response elements
Title: In vitro and in vivo characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans PHA-4/FoxA response elements.
Thousands of binding sites for PHA-4 during formation of the embryonic pharynx and a role for this factor during the starvation response, were identified.
Title: Genome-wide identification of binding sites defines distinct functions for Caenorhabditis elegans PHA-4/FOXA in development and environmental response.
C. elegans pha-4 encodes a FoxA transcription factor that is required to establish the foregut in embryos and to control growth and longevity after birth.
Title: The Target of Rapamycin pathway antagonizes pha-4/FoxA to control development and aging.
Results present models by which ELT-2, PHA-4, and CdxA orchestrate expression from the internal promoter of tmy-1/lev-11.
Title: Transcription factors GATA/ELT-2 and forkhead/HNF-3/PHA-4 regulate the tropomyosin gene expression in the pharynx and intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

F38A6.1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:307615

Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in anatomical structure morphogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell fate specification involved in pattern specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in determination of adult lifespan	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in embryonic morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pharynx development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in pharynx development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of translation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to caloric restriction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to sodium arsenite	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed