apl-1 Amyloid-beta-like protein [Caenorhabditis elegans] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: apl-1
Official Full Name: Amyloid-beta-like protein
Primary source: WormBase:WBGene00000149
Locus tag: CELE_C42D8.8
See related: AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00000149
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
Summary: Predicted to enable heparin binding activity and transition metal ion binding activity. Involved in body morphogenesis; ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle; and nematode larval development. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle; neuron projection; and neuronal cell body. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelial cell; excretory cell; hermaphrodite gonad; neurons; and somatic nervous system. Used to study Alzheimer's disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in APP-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Alzheimer's disease (multiple); cognitive disorder; traumatic brain injury; and visual epilepsy. Orthologous to several human genes including APLP2 (amyloid beta precursor like protein 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
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Genomic context

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See apl-1 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: X

Exon count:: 12

Sequence:: Chromosome: X; NC_003284.9 (5112422..5116866, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_003284.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003284.9

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Data indicate that APL1-D2 binds Cu(I) and Cu(II) too weakly to sustain catalysis which suggests that it plays no significant role in copper handling in C. elegans.
Title: Quantification of copper binding to amyloid precursor protein domain 2 and its Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog. Implications for biological function.
present hypothetical models as to how sAPL-1 signaling influences metabolic and developmental pathways.
Title: The secreted Alzheimer-related amyloid precursor protein fragment has an essential role in C. elegans.
[review] Either loss or overexpression of APL-1 will result in lethality, demonstrating the importance of maintaining APL-1 within homeostatic levels, particularly within neurons.
Title: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to study APP function.
Pan-neuronal expression of APL-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of APP, disrupts several behaviors, such as olfactory and gustatory learning behavior and touch habituation.
Title: Pan-neuronal expression of APL-1, an APP-related protein, disrupts olfactory, gustatory, and touch plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans.
signaling of the released APL-1 fragment modulates multiple metabolic states and that APL-1 is required throughout development.
Title: APL-1, the Alzheimer's Amyloid precursor protein in Caenorhabditis elegans, modulates multiple metabolic pathways throughout development.
Cholesterol and lrp-1 are involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission, similar to apl-1.
Title: Regulation of neuronal APL-1 expression by cholesterol starvation.
a critical cis-regulatory element of apl-1 transcription
Title: Identification of a spatio-temporal enhancer element for the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein-like-1 gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Loss of apl-1 leads to neurotransmission defects.
Title: Intracellular trafficking and synaptic function of APL-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans.
the x-ray structure of the E2 domain of APL-1
Title: Structural characterization of the E2 domain of APL-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of human amyloid precursor protein, and its heparin binding site.
apl-1 expression is upregulated during the last larval stage in hypodermal seam cells which is transcriptionally regulated by hbl-1, lin-41 and lin-42.
Title: The expression of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein-like gene is regulated by developmental timing microRNAs and their targets in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

C42D8.8 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:309293

Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables heparin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transition metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in axonogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in body morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in central nervous system development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in nematode larval development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in early endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in neuron projection	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in neuron projection	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in neuronal cell body	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: Amyloid-beta-like protein

NP_508870.3

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NP_508871.1

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003284.9 Reference assembly

Range

5112422..5116866 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_076469.6 → NP_508870.3 Amyloid-beta-like protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_508870.3

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q10651, Q18583, Q95ZX1

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00006
Location:28 → 196

A4_EXTRA; amyloid A4

pfam02177
Location:36 → 133

APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding

pfam10515
Location:637 → 683

APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus

pfam12924
Location:135 → 196

APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD

pfam12925
Location:238 → 423

APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein
NM_076470.8 → NP_508871.1 Amyloid-beta-like protein [Caenorhabditis elegans]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_508871.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q10651

Conserved Domains (5) summary

smart00006
Location:28 → 196

A4_EXTRA; amyloid A4

pfam02177
Location:36 → 133

APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding

pfam10515
Location:635 → 681

APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus

pfam12924
Location:135 → 196

APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD

pfam12925
Location:238 → 423

APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein