GORK gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: GORK
Official Full Name: gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel
Primary source: TAIR:AT5G37500
Locus tag: AT5G37500
See related: Araport:AT5G37500
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel; MPA22.4; MPA22_4
Summary: Encodes a guard cell outward potassium channel. Belongs to the Shaker family K+ channel. This family includes five groups based on phylogenetic analysis (FEBS Letters (2007) 581: 2357): I (inward rectifying channel): AKT1 (AT2G26650), AKT5 (AT4G32500) and SPIK (also known as AKT6, AT2G25600); II (inward rectifying channel): KAT1 (AT5G46240) and KAT2 (AT4G18290); III (weakly inward rectifying channel): AKT2 (AT4G22200); IV (regulatory subunit involved in inwardly rectifying conductance formation): KAT3 (also known as AtKC1, AT4G32650); V (outward rectifying channel): SKOR (AT3G02850) and GORK (AT5G37500). Mutants have increased water consumption and limited stomatal closure in response to abscisic and jasmonic acids. It forms a heteromeric K(out) channels with SKOR. The gene is expressed ubiquitously in root and the vasculature and guard cells of leaves. Expression is suppressed during agrobacterium-induced tumor formation and increased in response to water deprivation and cold.
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Genomic context

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See GORK in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 5

Exon count:: 11

Sequence:: Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (14889245..14895233, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003076.8

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

the outward-rectifying potassium-selective channel GORK limits the action potential amplitude and duration, while the weakly-rectifying channel AKT2 affects membrane excitability.
Title: The Role of Potassium Channels in Arabidopsis thaliana Long Distance Electrical Signalling: AKT2 Modulates Tissue Excitability While GORK Shapes Action Potentials.
results show that GORK can be phosphorylated by CPK21 and suggest that 14-3-3 proteins control GORK activity through binding with and activation of CPK21.
Title: The Arabidopsis GORK K(+)-channel is phosphorylated by calcium-dependent protein kinase 21 (CPK21), which in turn is activated by 14-3-3 proteins.
Plants lacking functional GORK channels are more capable of retaining K+ for their better performance under hypoxia, and that RBOHD is crucial in hypoxia-induced Ca2+ signalling for stress sensing and acclimation mechanism.
Title: Revealing the roles of GORK channels and NADPH oxidase in acclimation to hypoxia in Arabidopsis.
GORK is regulated by CPK33
Title: The Arabidopsis guard cell outward potassium channel GORK is regulated by CPK33.
The interaction of AtPP2CA with "phosphorylated" or "dephosphorylated" GORK systematically led to inhibition of the channel to the same baseline level.
Title: The Arabidopsis AtPP2CA Protein Phosphatase Inhibits the GORK K+ Efflux Channel and Exerts a Dominant Suppressive Effect on Phosphomimetic-activating Mutations.
GORK clustering in puncta is related to its gating and conductance, and reflects associated conformational changes and (de)stabilisation of the channel protein.
Title: Clustering of the K+ channel GORK of Arabidopsis parallels its gating by extracellular K+.
Sustained activation of K+ outward current could be the result of an unexpected post-transcriptional regulation of the guard cell outward-rectifying K+ (GORK) channels.
Title: Post-transcriptional regulation of GORK channels by superoxide anion contributes to increases in outward-rectifying K⁺ currents.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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NM_001344209.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_123109.5

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables outward rectifier potassium channel activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables outward rectifier potassium channel activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within monoatomic ion transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of stomatal opening	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to abscisic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to calcium ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cold	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to jasmonic acid	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to water deprivation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in stomatal movement	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in nucleus	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel

NP_198566.2

gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel (GORK); FUNCTIONS IN: outward rectifier potassium channel activity, cyclic nucleotide binding, protein binding; INVOLVED IN: response to jasmonic acid stimulus, response to water deprivation, response to cold, response to abscisic acid stimulus; LOCATED IN: nucleus; EXPRESSED IN: 20 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 7 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Cyclic nucleotide-binding (InterPro:IPR000595), Potassium channel, voltage-dependent, EAG/ELK/ERG (InterPro:IPR003938), Protein of unknown function DUF3354 (InterPro:IPR021789), Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (InterPro:IPR020683), Ion transport (InterPro:IPR005821), Cyclic nucleotide-binding-like (InterPro:IPR018490), RmlC-like jelly roll fold (InterPro:IPR014710), Ankyrin repeat (InterPro:IPR002110); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: STELAR K+ outward rectifier (TAIR:AT3G02850.1); Has 84212 Blast hits to 35106 proteins in 1650 species: Archae - 146; Bacteria - 9486; Metazoa - 40206; Fungi - 7878; Plants - 3819; Viruses - 1287; Other Eukaryotes - 21390 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

Range

14889245..14895233 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001344207.1 → NP_001332118.1 gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A1P8BFX8, A0A654G6N7
NM_001344208.1 → NP_001332117.1 gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178UPK8, A0A1P8BFX1
NM_123109.5 → NP_198566.2 gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_198566.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q94A76, Q9FNY5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A654G6N7

Conserved Domains (6) summary

PLN03192
Location:55 → 815

PLN03192; Voltage-dependent potassium channel; Provisional

cd00038
Location:386 → 500

CAP_ED; effector domain of the CAP family of transcription factors; members include CAP (or cAMP receptor protein (CRP)), which binds cAMP, FNR (fumarate and nitrate reduction), which uses an iron-sulfur cluster to sense oxygen) and CooA, a heme containing CO ...

cd00204
Location:558 → 713

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

pfam07885
Location:258 → 312

Ion_trans_2; Ion channel

pfam11834
Location:739 → 812

KHA; KHA, dimerization domain of potassium ion channel

sd00045
Location:563 → 594

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
NM_001344209.1 → NP_001332119.1 gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A1P8BG02, A0A654G6N7