U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    Fnbp1 formin binding protein 1 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 14269, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    Fnbp1provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    formin binding protein 1provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:109606
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000075415 AllianceGenome:MGI:109606
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    FBP1; Fbp17; 1110057E06Rik; 2210010H06Rik
    Summary
    Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nervous system development. Predicted to be located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle and plasma membrane. Is expressed in bladder; central nervous system; dorsal root ganglion; and gut. Orthologous to human FNBP1 (formin binding protein 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in cerebellum adult (RPKM 39.4), bladder adult (RPKM 33.9) and 26 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See Fnbp1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2 B; 2 21.78 cM
    Exon count:
    19
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 2 NC_000068.8 (30916218..31032046, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 2 NC_000068.7 (31026206..31145454, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene cDNA sequence BC005624 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39786 Neighboring gene ubiquitin specific peptidase 20 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E9195 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E4431 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04135 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E4432 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E9196 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr2:30971715-30971947 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E5904 Neighboring gene RIKEN cDNA D330023K18 gene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04141 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10092 Neighboring gene G protein-coupled receptor 107 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 22516

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

    Go to the top of the page Help
    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Formin Binding Protein 1 (FNBP1) regulates non-canonical Wnt signaling and vertebrate gastrulation.
      Title: Formin Binding Protein 1 (FNBP1) regulates non-canonical Wnt signaling and vertebrate gastrulation.
    2. FBP17 interacts with dynamin and regulates endocytosis by forming vesicotubular structures.
      Title: A novel dynamin-associating molecule, formin-binding protein 17, induces tubular membrane invaginations and participates in endocytosis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 

    Pathways from PubChem

    Go to the top of the page

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables identical protein binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables identical protein binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables lipid binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in endocytosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in nervous system development ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell cortex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in clathrin-coated pit IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoskeleton IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in lysosome IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    formin-binding protein 1
    Names
    formin binding protein 17

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001038700.2 → NP_001033789.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001033789.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) lacks two alternate, in-frame exons, compared to variant 3. The resulting protein (isoform a) is shorter when it is compared to isoform c.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI843002, AK122308, AK143512
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS38097.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109192.3, ENSMUST00000113562.9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:340 → 416
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:486 → 542
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    2. NM_001177648.1 → NP_001171119.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform c

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001171119.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the longest transcript and it encodes the longest protein (isoform c).
      Source sequence(s)
      AI843002, AK122308
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS50561.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2AQ40, A2AQ46, Q3TA45, Q3TCW9, Q3U081, Q3UPI7, Q80TY0, Q8C727, Q99L37
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109190.2, ENSMUST00000113560.8
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:552 → 608
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:406 → 482
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    3. NM_001177649.1 → NP_001171120.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform d

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001171120.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks two alternate, in-frame exons and uses a different splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 3. The resulting protein (isoform d) is shorter when it is compared to isoform c.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI843002, AK122308, AL844546
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS57165.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109194.3, ENSMUST00000113564.9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:340 → 416
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:487 → 543
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    4. NM_001177650.1 → NP_001171121.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform e

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001171121.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) has multiple differences, compared to variant 3. These differences result in a distinct 5' UTR and cause translation initiation at a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded protein (isoform e) is shorter when it is compared to isoform c.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI843002, AK122308, AK143512
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS50560.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109189.4, ENSMUST00000113559.10
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cl00087
      Location:312 → 388
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl12013
      Location:1 → 178
      BAR; The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature
      cl17036
      Location:458 → 514
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    5. NM_001355105.1 → NP_001342034.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform f

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL844546
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:345 → 421
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:492 → 548
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    6. NM_001355106.1 → NP_001342035.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform g

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL844546
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:345 → 421
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:491 → 547
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    7. NM_019406.3 → NP_062279.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_062279.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses a different segment for its 3' coding region and UTR, compared to variant 3. The resulting protein (isoform b) has a different and shorter C-terminus when it is compared to isoform c.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK122308, AL844546, BX635769
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS15894.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q80TY0
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109181.3, ENSMUST00000113552.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      30916218..31032046 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_030247490.2 → XP_030103350.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X9

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:401 → 477
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:547 → 603
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    2. XM_030247489.2 → XP_030103349.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X8

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:401 → 477
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:548 → 604
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    3. XM_006497686.3 → XP_006497749.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:580 → 636
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:434 → 510
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    4. XM_006497685.3 → XP_006497748.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:581 → 637
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:434 → 510
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    5. XM_006497695.5 → XP_006497758.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X16

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:552 → 608
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:406 → 482
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    6. XM_006497691.5 → XP_006497754.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X11

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:581 → 637
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:434 → 510
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    7. XM_006497690.3 → XP_006497753.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ41, A2AQ42
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000097782.3, ENSMUST00000100208.9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:401 → 477
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:547 → 603
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    8. XM_006497689.3 → XP_006497752.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X6

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:401 → 477
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:548 → 604
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    9. XM_006497687.3 → XP_006497750.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:553 → 609
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:406 → 482
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    10. XM_006497684.3 → XP_006497747.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:580 → 636
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:434 → 510
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

    11. XM_006497694.3 → XP_006497757.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X15

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42, A2AQ43
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109188.2, ENSMUST00000073879.12
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:340 → 416
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:486 → 542
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    12. XM_006497693.3 → XP_006497756.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X14

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:340 → 416
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:487 → 543
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    13. XM_017315551.3 → XP_017171040.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X13

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42, A2AQ44
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000097781.3, ENSMUST00000100207.9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:345 → 421
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:491 → 547
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    14. XM_006497692.3 → XP_006497755.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X12

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:345 → 421
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:492 → 548
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    15. XM_030247491.2 → XP_030103351.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X10

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42, A2AQ45
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109184.2, ENSMUST00000113555.8
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:377 → 453
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:523 → 579
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    16. XM_006497688.3 → XP_006497751.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X5

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AQ42
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd07676
      Location:5 → 257
      F-BAR_FBP17; The F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl00087
      Location:405 → 481
      HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
      cl17036
      Location:552 → 608
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily

    17. XM_036158324.1 → XP_036014217.1  formin-binding protein 1 isoform X17

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd11629
      Location:277 → 353
      HR1_FBP17; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cd12071
      Location:424 → 480
      SH3_FBP17; Src Homology 3 domain of Formin Binding Protein 17
      cl12013
      Location:1 → 100
      BAR; The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature

    RNA

    1. XR_374060.4 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q80TY0.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q80TY0

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous