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    SEX4 dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 824383, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    SEX4
    Official Full Name
    dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT3G52180
    Locus tag
    AT3G52180
    See related
    Araport:AT3G52180
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ATPTPKIS1; ATSEX4; DSP4; DUAL-SPECIFICITY PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 4; DUAL-SPECIFICITY PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 4; STARCH-EXCESS 4; T25B15.2
    Summary
    Encodes a plant-specific glucan phosphatase that contains a noncatalytic carbohydrate-binding module as well as a dual specificity protein phosphatase domain. SEX4 can dephosphorylate C6- and C3-glucosyl residues on native starch grains and related maltodextrin compounds in vitro. This protein interacts with the plant SnRK AKIN11, binds starch, and is localized in the chloroplast. sex4 mutants have elevated levels of starch.
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    Genomic context

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    See SEX4 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 3
    Exon count:
    13
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (19349600..19353728, complement)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Phosphoglycerate mutase family protein Neighboring gene 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 15 Neighboring gene DNA binding protein Neighboring gene phosphate transporter traffic facilitator1 Neighboring gene Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, long form protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003074.8

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Phosphoglucan-bound structure of starch phosphatase Starch Excess4 reveals the mechanism for C6 specificity. Meekins DA, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014 May 20. PMID 24799671, Free PMC Article
    2. Insight into the redox regulation of the phosphoglucan phosphatase SEX4 involved in starch degradation. Silver DM, et al. FEBS J, 2013 Jan. PMID 22372537
    3. Structural basis for the glucan phosphatase activity of Starch Excess4. Vander Kooi CW, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2010 Aug 31. PMID 20679247, Free PMC Article
    4. STARCH-EXCESS4 is a laforin-like Phosphoglucan phosphatase required for starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Kötting O, et al. Plant Cell, 2009 Jan. PMID 19141707, Free PMC Article
    5. A redox-regulated chloroplast protein phosphatase binds to starch diurnally and functions in its accumulation. Sokolov LN, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006 Jun 20. PMID 16772378, Free PMC Article

    See all (14) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Data suggest LSF2 has 50-fold lower affinity for amylopectin compared to SEX4, indicating LSF2 more easily dissociates from starch granule; SEX4 prefers amylopectin; LSF2 has highest affinity toward amylose with 8-fold higher affinity compared to SEX4.
      Title: Plant α-glucan phosphatases SEX4 and LSF2 display different affinity for amylopectin and amylose.
    2. structural analysis of SEX4 bound to maltoheptaose and phosphate
      Title: Phosphoglucan-bound structure of starch phosphatase Starch Excess4 reveals the mechanism for C6 specificity.
    3. Data indicate that mutation of Cys130 renders SEX4 more sensitive to oxidative inactivation and less responsive to reductive reactivation.
      Title: Insight into the redox regulation of the phosphoglucan phosphatase SEX4 involved in starch degradation.
    4. Results reveal the unique tertiary architecture of SEX4 that provides the physical basis for its function as a glucan phosphatase.
      Title: Structural basis for the glucan phosphatase activity of Starch Excess4.
    5. SEX4 is a phosphoglucan phosphatase which dephosphorylates both the starch granule surface and soluble phosphoglucans.
      Title: STARCH-EXCESS4 is a laforin-like Phosphoglucan phosphatase required for starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    6. At3g52180 binds to purified starch through its predicted carbohydrate-binding region, and mutation of key conserved residues reduces this binding.
      Title: A chloroplast-localized dual-specificity protein phosphatase in Arabidopsis contains a phylogenetically dispersed and ancient carbohydrate-binding domain, which binds the polysaccharide starch.
    7. DSP4 acts as a bridge between light-induced redox changes and protein phosphorylation in the regulation of starch accumulation [DSP4]
      Title: A redox-regulated chloroplast protein phosphatase binds to starch diurnally and functions in its accumulation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    NM_001035765.2
    NM_001339563.1
    NM_001339564.1
    NM_115078.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables amylopectin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables carbohydrate phosphatase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables polysaccharide binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in starch catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within starch catabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within starch metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in starch metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within starch metabolic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chloroplast HDA PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in chloroplast stroma HDA PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein
    NP_001030842.1
    • STARCH-EXCESS 4 (SEX4); FUNCTIONS IN: protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity, polysaccharide binding; INVOLVED IN: protein amino acid dephosphorylation, starch metabolic process, starch catabolic process; LOCATED IN: chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 15 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Dual-specific/protein-tyrosine phosphatase, conserved region (InterPro:IPR000387), Dual specificity phosphatase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000340); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein (TAIR:AT3G10940.1); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_566960.1
    • STARCH-EXCESS 4 (SEX4); FUNCTIONS IN: protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity, polysaccharide binding; INVOLVED IN: protein amino acid dephosphorylation, starch metabolic process, starch catabolic process; LOCATED IN: chloroplast stroma, chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 15 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Dual-specific/protein-tyrosine phosphatase, conserved region (InterPro:IPR000387), Dual specificity phosphatase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000340); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein (TAIR:AT3G10940.1); Has 675 Blast hits to 675 proteins in 103 species: Archae - 6; Bacteria - 6; Metazoa - 399; Fungi - 10; Plants - 178; Viruses - 3; Other Eukaryotes - 73 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

      Range
      19349600..19353728 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_115078.4 → NP_566960.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_566960.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8LFS3, Q944A8, Q9FDY9, Q9FEB5, Q9SUY7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178VES0, A0A5S9XK20
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd02859
      Location:256 → 337
      E_set_AMPKbeta_like_N; N-terminal Early set domain, a glycogen binding domain, associated with the catalytic domain of AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit
      cd14526
      Location:96 → 243
      DSP_laforin-like; dual specificity phosphatase domain of laforin and similar domains

    2. NM_001035765.2 → NP_001030842.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001030842.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F4J5T0
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21483
      Location:101 → 235
      PTPc; Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides; they regulate phosphotyrosine levels in signal transduction pathways. The depth of the active site cleft renders the enzyme specific for phosphorylated Tyr ...

    3. NM_001339563.1 → NP_001326925.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1I9LQR6

    4. NM_001339564.1 → NP_001326924.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1I9LQR5
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9FEB5.1

    Gene LinkOut

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