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    PAL2 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 824493, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PAL2
    Official Full Name
    phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT3G53260
    Locus tag
    AT3G53260
    See related
    Araport:AT3G53260
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ATPAL2; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2
    Summary
    Encodes phenylalanine lyase. Arabidopsis has four PALs: AT2G37040 (PAL1), AT3G53260 (PAL2), AT5G04230 (PAL3) and AT3G10340 (PAL4).
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    Genomic context

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    See PAL2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 3
    Exon count:
    2
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (19744018..19747114, complement)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene receptor like protein 45 Neighboring gene SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family Neighboring gene Small nuclear RNA activating complex (SNAPc), subunit SNAP43 protein Neighboring gene cytochrome p450 71b5

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003074.8

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The PAL2 promoter activities in relation to structural development and adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Wong JH, et al. Planta, 2012 Feb. PMID 21874349
    2. Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Rohde A, et al. Plant Cell, 2004 Oct. PMID 15377757, Free PMC Article
    3. Differential expression of four Arabidopsis PAL genes; PAL1 and PAL2 have functional specialization in abiotic environmental-triggered flavonoid synthesis. Olsen KM, et al. J Plant Physiol, 2008 Sep 29. PMID 18242769
    4. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Wanner LA, et al. Plant Mol Biol, 1995 Jan. PMID 7888622
    5. Arabidopsis Kelch repeat F-box proteins regulate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis via controlling the turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Zhang X, et al. Plant Cell, 2013 Dec. PMID 24363316, Free PMC Article

    See all (14) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The PAL2 promoter was active throughout the course of the plant development particularly in the root, rosette leaf, and inflorescence stem. PAL2 is primarily involved in structural development and adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana.
      Title: The PAL2 promoter activities in relation to structural development and adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    2. PAL1 and PAL2 also have functional specialization in abiotic environmental-triggered flavonoid synthesis.
      Title: Differential expression of four Arabidopsis PAL genes; PAL1 and PAL2 have functional specialization in abiotic environmental-triggered flavonoid synthesis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    NM_115186.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within L-phenylalanine catabolic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in L-phenylalanine catabolic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cinnamic acid biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to oxidative stress IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to wounding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2
    NP_190894.1
    • phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (PAL2); FUNCTIONS IN: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity; INVOLVED IN: response to oxidative stress, response to karrikin, phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process, response to wounding, defense response; LOCATED IN: cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 14 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Phenylalanine/histidine ammonia-lyase (InterPro:IPR001106), Phenylalanine/histidine ammonia-lyases, active site (InterPro:IPR022313), L-Aspartase-like (InterPro:IPR008948), Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (InterPro:IPR005922); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: PHE ammonia lyase 1 (TAIR:AT2G37040.1); Has 4835 Blast hits to 4816 proteins in 1397 species: Archae - 40; Bacteria - 2928; Metazoa - 79; Fungi - 127; Plants - 1172; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 489 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

      Range
      19744018..19747114 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_115186.4 → NP_190894.1  phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_190894.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P45724, Q53ZM9, Q8RWP4, Q94KC9, Q9SCN5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178VNB5, A0A5S9XKH8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02457
      Location:13 → 717
      PLN02457; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P45724.2

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