polo polo [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: poloprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: poloprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0003124
Locus tag: Dmel_CG12306
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003124
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 0256/04; 1324/08; anon-WO0172774.3; CG12306; Dmel\CG12306; l(3)01673; l(3)77Aa; l(3)S025604; l(3)S132408; Plk1; PLK1; Polo; POLO; Polo kinase; POLO/PLK1; poloK; pPolo
Summary: Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including cytoskeleton organization; larval somatic muscle development; and nuclear division. Located in several cellular components, including kinetochore; microtubule cytoskeleton; and midbody. Part of outer kinetochore. Is active in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including cardiogenic mesoderm; embryonic/larval optic lobe; ganglia; imaginal disc; and testis. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in urinary bladder cancer. Orthologous to human PLK1 (polo like kinase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 77B2-77B3; 3-47 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3L	NT_037436.4 (20309654..20313466)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3L	NT_037436.3 (20302754..20306566)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Regulation of intestinal stem cell activity by a mitotic cell cycle regulator Polo in Drosophila.
Title: Regulation of intestinal stem cell activity by a mitotic cell cycle regulator Polo in Drosophila.
The spindle assembly checkpoint and the spatial activation of Polo kinase determine the duration of cell division and prevent tumor formation.
Title: The spindle assembly checkpoint and the spatial activation of Polo kinase determine the duration of cell division and prevent tumor formation.
Loss of telomere silencing is accompanied by dysfunction of Polo kinase and centrosomes during Drosophila oogenesis and early development.
Title: Loss of telomere silencing is accompanied by dysfunction of Polo kinase and centrosomes during Drosophila oogenesis and early development.
Ana1 helps recruit Polo to centrioles to promote mitotic PCM assembly and centriole elongation.
Title: Ana1 helps recruit Polo to centrioles to promote mitotic PCM assembly and centriole elongation.
Regulation of Polo Kinase by Matrimony Is Required for Cohesin Maintenance during Drosophila melanogaster Female Meiosis.
Title: Regulation of Polo Kinase by Matrimony Is Required for Cohesin Maintenance during Drosophila melanogaster Female Meiosis.
Dynamic centriolar localization of Polo and Centrobin in early mitosis primes centrosome asymmetry.
Title: Dynamic centriolar localization of Polo and Centrobin in early mitosis primes centrosome asymmetry.
These findings suggest that interactions between Spd-2, Polo and Cnn form a positive feedback loop that drives the dramatic expansion of the mitotic pericentriolar material in fly embryos.
Title: Evidence that a positive feedback loop drives centrosome maturation in fly embryos.
Results identified a conserved upstream sequence element (USE) close to the polo proximal poly(A) signal. Its deletion causes developmental defects in flies and incorrect polo mRNA 3'-end formation, expression, and cell cycle progression.
Title: Cell Cycle Kinase Polo Is Controlled by a Widespread 3' Untranslated Region Regulatory Sequence in Drosophila melanogaster.
These observations identify Plk1/Polo kinase regulation of Sas-4 as essential for efficient pericentriolar material expansion.
Title: Plk1/Polo Phosphorylates Sas-4 at the Onset of Mitosis for an Efficient Recruitment of Pericentriolar Material to Centrosomes.
three N-terminal POLO phosphorylation sites that are critical for CNB function in neuroblasts are dispensable for spermatogenesis. Our results underpin the multifunctional nature of CNB that plays different roles in different cell types in Drosophila, and they identify CNB as an essential component for C-tubule assembly and flagellum development in Drosophila spermatogenesis
Title: Centrobin is essential for C-tubule assembly and flagellum development in Drosophila melanogaster spermatogenesis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (40)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Dm0994 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:38225

Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in actomyosin contractile ring assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in astral microtubule nucleation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in centrosome cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in embryonic heart tube development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in female meiosis II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in female meiotic nuclear division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in larval somatic muscle development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in male germline ring canal formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in male meiosis cytokinesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in male meiotic nuclear division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in meiotic spindle midzone assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic cell cycle	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic cell cycle	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic spindle organization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oocyte fate commitment	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pronuclear fusion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pronuclear migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in sperm aster formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in centriole	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in centrosome	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in centrosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in kinetochore	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in kinetochore	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in kinetochore microtubule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in microtubule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in midbody	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitotic spindle midzone	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nuclear envelope	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of outer kinetochore	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in spindle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in spindle pole	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in spindle pole	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: polo

Names: CG12306-PA; CG12306-PB; polo kinase; polo protein kinase; polo-PA; polo-PB

NP_001014592.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NP_524179.2

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

Range

20309654..20313466

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_079455.4 → NP_524179.2 polo, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_524179.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4V258, P52304, Q9VWB2

Related

FBpp0074608

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd13117
Location:490 → 570

POLO_box_2; Second polo-box domain (PBD) of polo-like kinases Plk1, Plk2, Plk3, and Plk5

cd13118
Location:388 → 475

POLO_box_1; First polo-box domain (PBD) of polo-like kinases Plk1, Plk2, Plk3, and Plk5

cd14099
Location:23 → 277

STKc_PLK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, Polo-like kinases
NM_001014592.2 → NP_001014592.1 polo, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014592.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4V258, P52304, Q9VWB2

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd13117
Location:490 → 570

POLO_box_2; Second polo-box domain (PBD) of polo-like kinases Plk1, Plk2, Plk3, and Plk5

cd13118
Location:388 → 475

POLO_box_1; First polo-box domain (PBD) of polo-like kinases Plk1, Plk2, Plk3, and Plk5

cd14099
Location:23 → 277

STKc_PLK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, Polo-like kinases