Prkcd protein kinase C, delta [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Prkcdprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: protein kinase C, deltaprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:67383
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000016346 AllianceGenome:RGD:67383
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Pkcd
Summary: Enables TIR domain binding activity; diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity; and protein kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including D-aspartate import across plasma membrane; positive regulation of D-glucose import; and positive regulation of MAP kinase activity. Is active in postsynaptic cytosol. Used to study brain ischemia and hypertension. Biomarker of hyperinsulinism; hypertension; muscular disease; obesity; and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 3 and steatotic liver disease. Orthologous to human PRKCD (protein kinase C delta). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Lung (RPKM 210.4), Spleen (RPKM 208.8) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p16

Exon count:: 21

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	16	NC_086034.1 (5775681..5806122, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	16	NC_051351.1 (5769217..5799380, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	16	NC_005115.4 (6655131..6675746, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_086034.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Metabolic reprogramming contributes to radioprotection by protein kinase Cdelta.
Title: Metabolic reprogramming contributes to radioprotection by protein kinase Cδ.
Protein Kinase C-delta Mediates Kidney Tubular Injury in Cold Storage-Associated Kidney Transplantation.
Title: Protein Kinase C-δ Mediates Kidney Tubular Injury in Cold Storage-Associated Kidney Transplantation.
Protein kinase C-delta inhibition is organ-protective, enhances pathogen clearance, and improves survival in sepsis.
Title: Protein kinase C-delta inhibition is organ-protective, enhances pathogen clearance, and improves survival in sepsis.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that AR could bind to Pkcd promoter. Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to testosterone may induce cardiac hypertrophy in adult female rats through enhanced Pkcd expression in cardiac myocytes.
Title: Prenatal exposure to testosterone induces cardiac hypertrophy in adult female rats through enhanced Pkcδ expression in cardiac myocytes.
These results confirmed that CaSR activated PKCdelta to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis through ER stressassociated apoptotic pathways during I/R in vivo.
Title: CaSR activates PKCδ to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis via ER stress‑associated apoptotic pathways during ischemia/reperfusion.
Protein kinase D activation induces enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in cardiomyocytes.
Title: Protein kinase D activation induces mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in cardiomyocytes.
PKC delta activation modulates neurotrophins levels by a signaling pathway that involves M1R activation and ultimately leading to an increase in retinal ganglion cells survival in vitro.
Title: PKC delta activation increases neonatal rat retinal cells survival in vitro: Involvement of neurotrophins and M1 muscarinic receptors.
Authors demonstrate that YQFM ameliorates ischemic stroke-induced neuronal apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and PKCdelta/Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission.
Title: YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis and PKCδ/Drp1-Mediated Excessive Mitochondrial Fission.
Results show that PKCdelta is activated in platelets during sepsis and that PKCdelta inhibition decreases sepsis-induced platelet activation and their interaction with leukocytes both systemically and in the lung in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis in rats.
Title: Role of Protein Kinase C-delta in regulating platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interaction during sepsis.
microRNA-133a can protect cardiomyocyte hypertrophy against norepinephrine stimulation in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes via new targets, PKCdelta and Gq, all of which are related to downstream signaling pathways of the alpha1-adrenergic receptor.
Title: microRNA-133a attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by targeting PKCδ and Gq.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (169)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

UniSTS:224276 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:224276

AI044238 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:247956

D16Arb4 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:226753

D16Mgh7 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:239335

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables TIR domain binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables calcium,diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
enables diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables enzyme activator activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables enzyme activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables enzyme binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone H2AXY142 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3Y41 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables insulin receptor substrate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables insulin receptor substrate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein serine kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in B cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within B cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in D-aspartate import across plasma membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in DNA damage response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA damage response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in activation of protein kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cell chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to UV	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to UV	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to UV	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to angiotensin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to angiotensin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to angiotensin	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to glucose starvation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to hydroperoxide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to hydroperoxide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular senescence	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular senescence	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in collagen metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to bacterium	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in defense response to bacterium	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in defense response to bacterium	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in immunoglobulin mediated immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within immunoglobulin mediated immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of MAPK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of filopodium assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of filopodium assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of filopodium assembly	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of platelet aggregation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of platelet aggregation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of platelet aggregation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in neutrophil activation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in neutrophil activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of D-glucose import	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in post-translational protein modification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in post-translational protein modification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to amino acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to glucose	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to oxidative stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in termination of signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in termination of signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell-cell junction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cell-cell junction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in endolysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endolysosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endolysosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nuclear matrix	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nuclear matrix	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in postsynaptic cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: protein kinase C delta type

Names: nPKC-delta

NP_579841.2

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_063131118.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_063131119.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_063131120.1

EC 2.7.11.13

XP_063131121.1

EC 2.7.11.13

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_133307.2 → NP_579841.2 protein kinase C delta type

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000016

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P09215, Q6DG48, Q9JK29, Q9JL03

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A140UHX0, A6KG32

Related

ENSRNOP00000025858.5, ENSRNOT00000025858.9

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd20834
Location:152 → 212

C1_nPKC_theta-like_rpt1; first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) theta, delta, and similar proteins

cd20837
Location:231 → 280

C1_nPKC_theta-like_rpt2; second protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) theta, delta, and similar proteins

cl21453
Location:351 → 666

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain