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    GSK1 GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 837150, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GSK1
    Official Full Name
    GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT1G06390
    Locus tag
    AT1G06390
    See related
    Araport:AT1G06390
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    A. THALIANA SHAGGY-LIKE KINASE GROUP 2 3; ATGSK1; ATSK2-3; ATSK22; BIL2; BIN2-LIKE 2; GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE; GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1; SHAGGY-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 22; SK22; T2D23.9; T2D23_9
    Summary
    encodes a GSK3/shaggy-like protein kinase. Gene expression is induced by NaCl and ABA but not KCl, suggesting that this gene may be involved in response to osmotic stress. This protein can interact with the BZR1 protein involved in brassinosteroid-mediated signaling in a Y2H assay and promotes BZR1 phosphorylation in protoplasts.
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    Genomic context

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    See GSK1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 1
    Exon count:
    12
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 1; NC_003070.9 (1946746..1950860)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_003070.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene miscRNA Neighboring gene Ribosomal protein L1p/L10e family Neighboring gene Ras-related small GTP-binding family protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene trehalose-phosphatase/synthase 7

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003070.9

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Constitutive over-expression of AtGSK1 induces NaCl stress responses in the absence of NaCl stress and results in enhanced NaCl tolerance in Arabidopsis. Piao HL, et al. Plant J, 2001 Aug. PMID 11532176
    2. Phylogenetic diversification of glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinase genes in plants. Yoo MJ, et al. BMC Plant Biol, 2006 Feb 21. PMID 16504046, Free PMC Article
    3. GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of DEK3 regulates chromatin accessibility and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Waidmann S, et al. FEBS J, 2022 Jan. PMID 34492159
    4. An Arabidopsis GSK3/shaggy-like gene that complements yeast salt stress-sensitive mutants is induced by NaCl and abscisic acid. Piao HL, et al. Plant Physiol, 1999 Apr. PMID 10198112, Free PMC Article
    5. BIN2 functions redundantly with other Arabidopsis GSK3-like kinases to regulate brassinosteroid signaling. Yan Z, et al. Plant Physiol, 2009 Jun. PMID 19395409, Free PMC Article

    See all (19) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of DEK3 regulates chromatin accessibility and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
      Title: GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of DEK3 regulates chromatin accessibility and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
    2. In vitro and in vivo pull-down assays confirmed that BIN2 interacts with tubulin proteins. High-speed co-sedimentation assays demonstrated that BIN2 also binds microtubules. The Arabidopsis genome also encodes two BIN2 homologs, BIN2-LIKE 1 (BIL1) and BIL2, which function redundantly with BIN2.
      Title: Brassinosteroids regulate pavement cell growth by mediating BIN2-induced microtubule stabilization.
    3. Plant GSK3 proteins regulate xylem cell differentiation downstream of TDIF-TDR signalling.
      Title: Plant GSK3 proteins regulate xylem cell differentiation downstream of TDIF-TDR signalling.
    4. GSK3-like kinases positively modulate abscisic acid signaling through phosphorylating subgroup III SnRK2s in Arabidopsis.
      Title: GSK3-like kinases positively modulate abscisic acid signaling through phosphorylating subgroup III SnRK2s in Arabidopsis.
    5. The BIN2 and BIL2 GSK3-like kinases, which are negative regulators of BR signaling, interacted in vivo with brassinosteroid signaling kinases (BSKs) and phosphorylated them in vitro, probably at different sites to BRI1.
      Title: BSKs are partially redundant positive regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.
    6. Brassinosteroid-regulated GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases phosphorylate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases, which control stomata development in Arabidopsis thaliana
      Title: Brassinosteroid-regulated GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases phosphorylate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases, which control stomata development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    7. Three of the four major clades of GSKs present in Arabidopsis and rice were established early in the evolutionary history of extant seed plants.
      Title: Phylogenetic diversification of glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinase genes in plants.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    NM_100519.3
    NM_202042.3

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity HDA PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within hyperosmotic salinity response IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein autophosphorylation HDA PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of protein localization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of root meristem growth IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to light stimulus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to water deprivation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1
    NP_172127.1
    • GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1 (GSK1); FUNCTIONS IN: kinase activity, glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity; INVOLVED IN: brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway, protein amino acid phosphorylation, hyperosmotic salinity response, regulation of protein localization; LOCATED IN: cytosol, plasma membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: SHAGGY-related protein kinase dZeta (TAIR:AT2G30980.1); Has 107835 Blast hits to 106562 proteins in 3623 species: Archae - 81; Bacteria - 10704; Metazoa - 38361; Fungi - 11903; Plants - 28114; Viruses - 380; Other Eukaryotes - 18292 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_973771.1
    • GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1 (GSK1); FUNCTIONS IN: kinase activity, glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity; INVOLVED IN: brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway, protein amino acid phosphorylation, hyperosmotic salinity response, regulation of protein localization; LOCATED IN: cytosol, plasma membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: SHAGGY-related protein kinase dZeta (TAIR:AT2G30980.1); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003070.9 Reference assembly

      Range
      1946746..1950860
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_100519.3 → NP_172127.1  GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_172127.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q39012
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178WCN5, A0A5S9SXE8, B9DFK2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14137
      Location:65 → 357
      STKc_GSK3; The catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

    2. NM_202042.3 → NP_973771.1  GSK3/SHAGGY-like protein kinase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_973771.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q39012
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178WCN5, A0A5S9SXE8, B9DFK2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14137
      Location:65 → 357
      STKc_GSK3; The catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q39012.1

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