ap apterous [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: approvided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: apterousprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0267978
Locus tag: Dmel_CG8376
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0267978
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: Ap; AP; Apt; blt; CG8376; Dmel\CG8376; LIM; neuro; S-2a; trw; Xa
Summary: Enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including imaginal disc pattern formation; imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis; and positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including ganglia; imaginal disc; larval external muscle cell; optic lobe intrinsic columnar neurons; and organism subdivision. Orthologous to human LHX2 (LIM homeobox 2) and LHX9 (LIM homeobox 9). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 41F8-41F8; 2-55 cM

Exon count:: 10

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (5706202..5727525, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (1593707..1615030, complement)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Impact of Drosophila LIM homeodomain protein Apterous on the morphology of the adult mushroom body.
Title: Impact of Drosophila LIM homeodomain protein Apterous on the morphology of the adult mushroom body.
The transcription factor optomotor-blind restricts apterous expression through TrxG and PcG genes.
Title: The transcription factor optomotor-blind restricts apterous expression through TrxG and PcG genes.
Consolidation and maintenance of long-term memory involve dual functions of the developmental regulator Apterous in clock neurons and mushroom bodies in the Drosophila brain.
Title: Consolidation and maintenance of long-term memory involve dual functions of the developmental regulator Apterous in clock neurons and mushroom bodies in the Drosophila brain.
Systematic analysis of apterous mutant clones along with their twin spots shows that they are eliminated from the dorsal compartment via three different mechanisms: relocation to the ventral compartment, basal extrusion, and death, depending on the position of the clone in the wing disc.
Title: Cell elimination strategies upon identity switch via modulation of apterous in Drosophila wing disc.
neurons expressing the transcription factor apterous, affect the modulation of female walking speed during courtship.
Title: apterous Brain Neurons Control Receptivity to Male Courtship in Drosophila Melanogaster Females.
These results raise the possibility that the daily oscillation of Ap expression in l-LNvs may contribute to the buffering of light-driven arousal in wild-type flies.
Title: Modulation of light-driven arousal by LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Apterous in large PDF-positive lateral neurons of the Drosophila brain.
Ap role in the neuronal cell fate specification
Title: Neuronal Cell Fate Specification by the Convergence of Different Spatiotemporal Cues on a Common Terminal Selector Cascade.
Nplp1 neuropeptide neurons in the developing Drosophila nerve cord belong to two sub-classes; Tv1 and dAp neurons, generated by two distinct progenitors. Nplp1 neurons are specified by spatial cues
Title: Neuronal cell fate specification by the molecular convergence of different spatio-temporal cues on a common initiator terminal selector gene.
our results indicate that ap is regulated in time and space by a three-step mechanism that generates a lineage compartment by integrating input from separatecis-regulatory modules for the initiation, refinement and maintenance of its expression
Title: Establishment of a Developmental Compartment Requires Interactions between Three Synergistic Cis-regulatory Modules.
The AP and NAT activities in ap56f females were significantly lower than in Canton S females in the norm
Title: [Effect of the apterous56f mutation on N-acetyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in Drosophila melanogaster females].

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

mobile_element

Loc: c5718025-5717954 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}5107
Loc: c5722513-5722250 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}5122
Loc: c5724797-5723935 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}5123

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in anatomical structure regression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in axon guidance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell fate commitment	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in haltere morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in larval somatic muscle development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in leg disc development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in muscle organ development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in muscle organ development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in ventral cord development	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: apterous

Names: APTEROUS; CG8376-PA; CG8376-PB; CG8376-PC; CG8376-PE; ap-PA; ap-PB; ap-PC; ap-PE; apteroys; neuromuscular; no-wings; tornwing; xasta

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

5706202..5727525 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_165445.4 → NP_724428.1 apterous, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P29673, Q8T9D4, Q9V9H5

Related

FBpp0085394

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd09369
Location:148 → 201

LIM1_Lhx2_Lhx9; The first LIM domain of Lhx2 and Lhx9 family

cd09377
Location:206 → 264

LIM2_Lhx2_Lhx9; The second LIM domain of Lhx2 and Lhx9 family

pfam00046
Location:371 → 424

Homeobox; Homeobox domain
NM_078897.4 → NP_523621.2 apterous, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E1JGY0

Related

FBpp0085395

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00046
Location:148 → 200

Homeobox; Homeobox domain

cl02475
Location:1 → 41

LIM; LIM is a small protein-protein interaction domain, containing two zinc fingers
NM_001169588.2 → NP_001163059.1 apterous, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E1JGY0

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00046
Location:148 → 200

Homeobox; Homeobox domain

cl02475
Location:1 → 41

LIM; LIM is a small protein-protein interaction domain, containing two zinc fingers
NM_001169587.2 → NP_001163058.1 apterous, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E1JGX9

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd09369
Location:147 → 200

LIM1_Lhx2_Lhx9; The first LIM domain of Lhx2 and Lhx9 family

cd09377
Location:205 → 263

LIM2_Lhx2_Lhx9; The second LIM domain of Lhx2 and Lhx9 family

pfam00046
Location:370 → 423

Homeobox; Homeobox domain