tor torso [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: torprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: torsoprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0003733
Locus tag: Dmel_CG1389
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003733
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG1389; Dmel\CG1389; dTor; splc; Tor; TOR; Torso; TORSO
Summary: Enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including negative phototaxis; pole cell fate determination; and regulation of intracellular signal transduction. Located in plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; germarium; germline cell; larval multidendritic class IV neuron; and prothoracic gland. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including arteriovenous malformation; basal ganglia calcification; hematologic cancer (multiple); infantile myofibromatosis; and kidney cancer (multiple). Orthologous to several human genes including TEK (TEK receptor tyrosine kinase); PDGFRA (platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha); and PDGFRB (platelet derived growth factor receptor beta). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 43E12-43E12; 2-57 cM

Exon count:: 14

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (7705183..7709184, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (3592688..3596689, complement)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Antagonism between germ cell-less and Torso receptor regulates transcriptional quiescence underlying germline/soma distinction.
Title: Antagonism between germ cell-less and Torso receptor regulates transcriptional quiescence underlying germline/soma distinction.
A transitory signaling center controls timing of primordial germ cell differentiation.
Title: A transitory signaling center controls timing of primordial germ cell differentiation.
The Torso system has gained relevance in its implications in many biological processes as morphogenesis and into many disciplines such as oncogenesis, hormone control and neurobiology. [review]
Title: The trigger (and the restriction) of Torso RTK activation.
Cic functions are independent of RTK regulation and may depend on cofactor-assisted DNA binding.
Title: Capicua controls Toll/IL-1 signaling targets independently of RTK regulation.
Mechanistically, the authors identify foxo and mTOR homologue, Tor as important regulators of germline stem cells quiescence following exposure to ionizing radiation. foxo is required for entry in quiescence, while Tor is essential for cell cycle reentry.
Title: Loss of foxo rescues stem cell aging in Drosophila germ line.
Our study revealed a novel role for Torso in the fat body with respect to regulation of insulin/TOR signaling and body size.
Title: Torso, a Drosophila receptor tyrosine kinase, plays a novel role in the larval fat body in regulating insulin signaling and body growth.
CRL3(GCL) promotes primordial germ cell fate by mediating degradation of Torso, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and major determinant of somatic cell fate.
Title: GCL and CUL3 Control the Switch between Cell Lineages by Mediating Localized Degradation of an RTK.
Torso interacts with both Trunk and Torso-like, which cooperate to mediate dimerization and activation of Torso at the ends of the Drosophila embryo
Title: Reconstitution of Torso signaling in cultured cells suggests a role for both Trunk and Torso-like in receptor activation.
Data suggest that Tor signaling governs Yki (Yorkie protein) action after reaching nucleus by allowing access to target genes via Hpo (Hippo protein) pathway; Tor also promotes wing growth by liberating Yki from nuclear seclusion.
Title: Scaling the Drosophila Wing: TOR-Dependent Target Gene Access by the Hippo Pathway Transducer Yorkie.
The conserved Tor metabolic sensing pathway regulates yolk catabolism.
Title: The Atg1-Tor pathway regulates yolk catabolism in Drosophila embryos.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein tyrosine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in gastrulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in germ cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in metamorphosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in multicellular organism development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative phototaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pole cell fate determination	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in terminal region determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in torso signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in torso signaling pathway	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in torso signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in torso signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of receptor complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: torso

Names: CG1389-PA; CG1389-PD; spliced; tor-PA; tor-PD

NP_001097212.2

EC 2.7.10.1

NP_476762.1

EC 2.7.10.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

7705183..7709184 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001103742.2 → NP_001097212.2 torso, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001097212.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P18475

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00060
Location:199 → 261

FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain

smart00221
Location:470 → 868

STYKc; Protein kinase; unclassified specificity

cd00192
Location:474 → 868

PTKc; Catalytic domain of Protein Tyrosine Kinases
NM_057414.4 → NP_476762.1 torso, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476762.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A8DY54, A8DY56, P18475, Q9V4R2

Related

FBpp0088012

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00060
Location:199 → 261

FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain

smart00221
Location:475 → 873

STYKc; Protein kinase; unclassified specificity

cd00192
Location:479 → 873

PTKc; Catalytic domain of Protein Tyrosine Kinases