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    PGRP-SA Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 32099, updated on 17-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PGRP-SAprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Peptidoglycan recognition protein SAprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0030310
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG11709
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0030310
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    BcDNA:AT30827; CG11709; Dm PGRP-SA; Dmel\CG11709; pgrp-sa; SA; seml; SEMMELWEIS
    Summary
    Enables several functions, including muramoyltetrapeptide carboxypeptidase activity; muramyl dipeptide binding activity; and peptidoglycan binding activity. Involved in Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade; positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria; and response to bacterium. Located in extracellular region. Orthologous to several human genes including PGLYRP3 (peptidoglycan recognition protein 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See PGRP-SA in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    10C6-10C6; 1-35 cM
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) X NC_004354.4 (11561643..11562779)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) X NC_004354.3 (11455676..11456812)

    Chromosome X - NC_004354.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Death-associated protein kinase related Neighboring gene mir-2492 stem loop Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR44266 Neighboring gene RNA polymerase II subunit A Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Bacterial autolysins trim cell surface peptidoglycan to prevent detection by the Drosophila innate immune system. Atilano ML, et al. Elife, 2014 Apr 1. PMID 24692449, Free PMC Article
    2. Staphylococcus aureus Survives with a Minimal Peptidoglycan Synthesis Machine but Sacrifices Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance. Reed P, et al. PLoS Pathog, 2015 May. PMID 25951442, Free PMC Article
    3. Accessibility to Peptidoglycan Is Important for the Recognition of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Drosophila. Vaz F, et al. Cell Rep, 2019 May 21. PMID 31116990, Free PMC Article
    4. Crystal structure of the Drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-SA at 1.56 A resolution. Reiser JB, et al. J Mol Biol, 2004 Jul 16. PMID 15223330
    5. A specific primed immune response in Drosophila is dependent on phagocytes. Pham LN, et al. PLoS Pathog, 2007 Mar. PMID 17352533, Free PMC Article

    See all (192) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Bacterial recognition by PGRP-SA and downstream signalling by Toll/DIF sustain commensal gut bacteria in Drosophila.
      Title: Bacterial recognition by PGRP-SA and downstream signalling by Toll/DIF sustain commensal gut bacteria in Drosophila.
    2. Wall teichoic acids of Staphylococcus aureus limit recognition by the drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein-SA to promote pathogenicity.
      Title: Wall teichoic acids of Staphylococcus aureus limit recognition by the drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein-SA to promote pathogenicity.
    3. results demonstrate that GNBP1 and PGRP-SA can jointly activate the Toll pathway
      Title: Dual activation of the Drosophila toll pathway by two pattern recognition receptors.
    4. GNBP1 presents a processed form of peptidoglycan for sensing by PGRP-SA and that a tripartite interaction between these proteins and peptidoglycan is essential for downstream signaling.
      Title: Sensing of Gram-positive bacteria in Drosophila: GNBP1 is needed to process and present peptidoglycan to PGRP-SA.
    5. PGRP-SA contains a peptidoglycan docking groove and unusual L,D-carboxypeptidase activity
      Title: A Drosophila pattern recognition receptor contains a peptidoglycan docking groove and unusual L,D-carboxypeptidase activity.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    NOT enables N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity IKR
    Inferred from Key Residues
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables muramoyltetrapeptide carboxypeptidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables muramyl dipeptide binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables pattern recognition receptor activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables peptidoglycan binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables peptidoglycan binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables peptidoglycan binding NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables peptidoglycan immune receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables zinc ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in innate immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in innate immune response NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in peptidoglycan catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to peptidoglycan IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    peptidoglycan recognition protein SA
    Names
    CG11709-PA
    CG11709-PB
    PG recognition Protein-SA
    PGRP-SA-PA
    PGRP-SA-PB
    Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-SA precursor
    peptidoglycan recognition protein-SA
    protein semmelweis
    semmelweis
    semmelweiss
    NP_001285128.1
    NP_572727.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      11561643..11562779
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_132499.3 → NP_572727.1  peptidoglycan recognition protein SA, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_572727.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9VYX7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      X2JEI8
      Related
      FBpp0073358
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00701
      Location:38 → 179
      PGRP; Animal peptidoglycan recognition proteins homologous to Bacteriophage T3 lysozyme

    2. NM_001298199.1 → NP_001285128.1  peptidoglycan recognition protein SA, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001285128.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9VYX7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      X2JEI8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00701
      Location:38 → 179
      PGRP; Animal peptidoglycan recognition proteins homologous to Bacteriophage T3 lysozyme
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9VYX7.1 Q9VYX7
    X2JEI8 X2JEI8

    Gene LinkOut

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