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    ISA1 isoamylase 1 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 818580, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ISA1
    Official Full Name
    isoamylase 1
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT2G39930
    Locus tag
    AT2G39930
    See related
    Araport:AT2G39930
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ISOAMYLASE 1; ATISA1; isoamylase 1; T28M21.9; T28M21_9
    Summary
    Encodes an isoamylase-type debranching enzyme. Mutations in this gene cause the loss of detectable isoamylase activity and the disruption of normal starch structure. Mutants have reduced starch content and abnormally structured amylopectins and phytoglycogens. It has been postulated that AtISA1 interacts with AtISA2 to form the Iso1 complex.
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    Genomic context

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    See ISA1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 2
    Exon count:
    18
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (16665851..16672494)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene GATA type zinc finger transcription factor family protein Neighboring gene ARM repeat superfamily protein Neighboring gene HAD superfamily, subfamily IIIB acid phosphatase Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene RNI-like superfamily protein Neighboring gene flocculation protein Neighboring gene Microsomal signal peptidase 25 kDa subunit (SPC25)

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003071.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Replacement of the endogenous starch debranching enzymes ISA1 and ISA2 of Arabidopsis with the rice orthologs reveals a degree of functional conservation during starch synthesis. Streb S, et al. PLoS One, 2014. PMID 24642810, Free PMC Article
    2. The heteromultimeric debranching enzyme involved in starch synthesis in Arabidopsis requires both isoamylase1 and isoamylase2 subunits for complex stability and activity. Sundberg M, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 24098685, Free PMC Article
    3. Distinct functional properties of isoamylase-type starch debranching enzymes in monocot and dicot leaves. Facon M, et al. Plant Physiol, 2013 Nov. PMID 24027240, Free PMC Article
    4. Arabidopsis mutants Atisa1 and Atisa2 have identical phenotypes and lack the same multimeric isoamylase, which influences the branch point distribution of amylopectin during starch synthesis. Delatte T, et al. Plant J, 2005 Mar. PMID 15743447
    5. Starch granule biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is abolished by removal of all debranching enzymes but restored by the subsequent removal of an endoamylase. Streb S, et al. Plant Cell, 2008 Dec. PMID 19074683, Free PMC Article

    See all (9) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Endogenous starch debranching enzymes ISA1 and ISA2 of Arabidopsis are conserved among diverse groups of plants.
      Title: Replacement of the endogenous starch debranching enzymes ISA1 and ISA2 of Arabidopsis with the rice orthologs reveals a degree of functional conservation during starch synthesis.
    2. Data indicate that analysis of recombinant enzymes showed that Data iindicate that Arabidopsis ISA1 requires ISA2 as a partner for enzymatic function, whereas maize ISA1 was active by itself.
      Title: Distinct functional properties of isoamylase-type starch debranching enzymes in monocot and dicot leaves.
    3. The heteromultimeric debranching enzyme involved in starch synthesis in Arabidopsis requires both isoamylase1 and isoamylase2 subunits for complex stability and activity.
      Title: The heteromultimeric debranching enzyme involved in starch synthesis in Arabidopsis requires both isoamylase1 and isoamylase2 subunits for complex stability and activity.
    4. Data propose that ISA1 function in normal amylopectin synthesis by promoting amylopectin crystallization but conclude that they are not mandatory for starch granule synthesis.
      Title: Starch granule biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is abolished by removal of all debranching enzymes but restored by the subsequent removal of an endoamylase.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    NM_001336807.1
    NM_001336808.1
    NM_129551.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables isoamylase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables isoamylase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within amylopectin biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within glycogen metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in starch biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chloroplast HDA PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    part_of chloroplast isoamylase complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    isoamylase 1
    NP_181522.1
    • isoamylase 1 (ISA1); FUNCTIONS IN: isoamylase activity, alpha-amylase activity; INVOLVED IN: carbohydrate metabolic process, amylopectin biosynthetic process; LOCATED IN: chloroplast, chloroplast isoamylase complex; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Immunoglobulin-like fold (InterPro:IPR013783), Glycoside hydrolase, family 13, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR004193), Immunoglobulin E-set (InterPro:IPR014756), Glycoside hydrolase, catalytic core (InterPro:IPR017853), Glycoside hydrolase, subgroup, catalytic core (InterPro:IPR013781), Glycosyl hydrolase, family 13, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR006047); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: isoamylase 3 (TAIR:AT4G09020.1); Has 17979 Blast hits to 17918 proteins in 2410 species: Archae - 161; Bacteria - 15130; Metazoa - 257; Fungi - 410; Plants - 747; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 1274 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      16665851..16672494
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_129551.4 → NP_181522.1  isoamylase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_181522.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O04196
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178VW25, A0A5S9X5K6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd02856
      Location:75 → 222
      E_set_GDE_Isoamylase_N; N-terminal Early set domain associated with the catalytic domain of Glycogen debranching enzyme and bacterial isoamylase (also called glycogen 6-glucanohydrolase)
      cd11326
      Location:203 → 656
      AmyAc_Glg_debranch; Alpha amylase catalytic domain found in glycogen debranching enzymes

    2. NM_001336807.1 → NP_001324597.1  isoamylase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178VUD9, A0A1P8B0L6

    3. NM_001336808.1 → NP_001324596.1  isoamylase 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1P8B0K2
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O04196.1

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