MKK2 MAP kinase kinase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: MKK2
Official Full Name: MAP kinase kinase 2
Primary source: TAIR:AT4G29810
Locus tag: AT4G29810
See related: Araport:AT4G29810
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ATMKK2; F27B13.50; F27B13_50; MAP KINASE KINASE 1; MAP kinase kinase 2; MK1
Summary: encodes a MAP kinase kinase 2 that regulates MPK6 and MPK4 in response to cold and salt stresses. Co-expression with MEKK1 in protoplasts activated MKK2 activity, suggesting that MEKK1 may be a regulator of MKK2.
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Genomic context

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See MKK2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 4

Exon count:: 8

Sequence:: Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (14592963..14595384, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003075.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The Arabidopsis Root Tip (Phospho)Proteomes at Growth-Promoting versus Growth-Repressing Conditions Reveal Novel Root Growth Regulators.
Title: The Arabidopsis Root Tip (Phospho)Proteomes at Growth-Promoting versus Growth-Repressing Conditions Reveal Novel Root Growth Regulators.
the AtMKK2-AtMPK10 MAPK module regulates leaf venation complexity by altering polar auxin transport efficiency
Title: Timing is everything: highly specific and transient expression of a MAP kinase determines auxin-induced leaf venation patterns in Arabidopsis.
Treatment of Arabidopsis with a membrane rigidifier, DMSO, causes MPK4 activation concomitantly with MEKK1 and MKK2 phosphorylation.
Title: Membrane rigidification functions upstream of the MEKK1-MKK2-MPK4 cascade during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Ca(2+) signaling occurred upstream of the MEKK1-MKK2 pathway. MEKK1 was phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase (CRLK1), which suggested that CRLK1 is one of candidates located upstream of MEKK1.
Title: Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana MEKK1 via Ca(2+) signaling as a part of the cold stress response.
Data indicate that MEKK2 is required for the mekk1, mkk1 mkk2, and mpk4 autoimmune phenotypes.
Title: Deletion of a tandem gene family in Arabidopsis: increased MEKK2 abundance triggers autoimmunity when the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade is disrupted.
Data suggest that the MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade negatively regulates MEKK2 and activation of MEKK2 triggers SUMM2-mediated immune responses.
Title: The MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade negatively regulates immunity mediated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in Arabidopsis.
Activation of MPK4 by flg22 is impaired in the mkk1 mkk2 double mutants, suggesting that MKK1 and MKK2 function together with MPK4 and MEKK1 in a MAP kinase cascade to negatively regulate innate immune responses in plants.
Title: MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 function together in a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade to regulate innate immunity in plants.
double loss-of-function mutant (mkk1/2) of MKK1 and MKK2 is shown to have marked phenotypes in development and disease
Title: Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases MKK1 and MKK2 have overlapping functions in defense signaling mediated by MEKK1, MPK4, and MKS1.
Data indicate that MKK2 plays a role in abiotic stress tolerance and plant disease resistance.
Title: The MAP kinase kinase MKK2 affects disease resistance in Arabidopsis.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_001036674.2

Supported by ESTs:

NM_001125607.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_119127.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables MAP kinase kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables MAP kinase kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables MAP kinase kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within MAPK cascade	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within MAPK cascade	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within MAPK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within auxin transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cold acclimation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cold acclimation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to oomycetes	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to other organism	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within pollen-pistil interaction	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cold	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to cold	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cold	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to salt stress	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to salt stress	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to salt stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within xylem and phloem pattern formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: MAP kinase kinase 2

NP_001031751.1

MAP kinase kinase 2 (MKK2); FUNCTIONS IN: MAP kinase kinase activity, kinase activity; INVOLVED IN: cold acclimation, MAPKKK cascade, response to salt stress, response to cold, defense response, incompatible interaction; LOCATED IN: plasma membrane, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: MAP kinase/ ERK kinase 1 (TAIR:AT4G26070.3); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_001119079.1

MAP kinase kinase 2 (MKK2); FUNCTIONS IN: MAP kinase kinase activity, kinase activity; INVOLVED IN: cold acclimation, MAPKKK cascade, response to salt stress, response to cold, defense response, incompatible interaction; LOCATED IN: plasma membrane, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: MAP kinase/ ERK kinase 1 (TAIR:AT4G26070.3); Has 30201 Blast hits to 17322 proteins in 780 species: Archae - 12; Bacteria - 1396; Metazoa - 17338; Fungi - 3422; Plants - 5037; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 2996 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_194710.1

MAP kinase kinase 2 (MKK2); FUNCTIONS IN: MAP kinase kinase activity, kinase activity; INVOLVED IN: cold acclimation, MAPKKK cascade, response to salt stress, response to cold, defense response, incompatible interaction; LOCATED IN: plasma membrane, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR020635); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: MAP kinase/ ERK kinase 1 (TAIR:AT4G26070.3); Has 131554 Blast hits to 129384 proteins in 4297 species: Archae - 179; Bacteria - 15130; Metazoa - 48544; Fungi - 12993; Plants - 32706; Viruses - 527; Other Eukaryotes - 21475 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

Range

14592963..14595384 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_119127.4 → NP_194710.1 MAP kinase kinase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_194710.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O80395, Q9S7U9

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178V3N5, A0A5S9XXI1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd06605
Location:68 → 335

PKc_MAPKK; Catalytic domain of the dual-specificity Protein Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase
NM_001036674.2 → NP_001031751.1 MAP kinase kinase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001031751.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A654FU26, B9DGL3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd06605
Location:77 → 344

PKc_MAPKK; Catalytic domain of the dual-specificity Protein Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase
NM_001125607.1 → NP_001119079.1 MAP kinase kinase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001119079.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B3H757, B9DGL3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:80 → 334

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06605
Location:77 → 334

PKc_MAPKK; Catalytic domain of the dual-specificity Protein Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase