HK2 histidine kinase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: HK2
Official Full Name: histidine kinase 2
Primary source: TAIR:AT5G35750
Locus tag: AT5G35750
See related: Araport:AT5G35750
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: AHK2; histidine kinase 2; MXH1.16; MXH1_16
Summary: Encodes histidine kinase AHK2.
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Genomic context

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See HK2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 5

Exon count:: 13

Sequence:: Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (13911283..13916805, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003076.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Data show that the gain-of-function alleles of cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 have an impact on cytokinin homeostasis and lower the cytokinin content, suggesting a feedback regulation of cytokinin metabolism by the cytokinin signaling pathway.
Title: Gain-of-Function Mutants of the Cytokinin Receptors AHK2 and AHK3 Regulate Plant Organ Size, Flowering Time and Plant Longevity.
Data indicate that accumulation of transcripts of several plastid-encoded genes is dependent on the capital A, Cyrilliccapital EN, Cyrilliccapital KA, Cyrillic2/capital A, Cyrilliccapital EN, Cyrilliccapital KA, Cyrillic3 receptor combination.
Title: Opposite roles of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 in the expression of plastid genes and genes for the plastid transcriptional machinery during senescence.
The AHK2/AHK3-Dependent Two-Component Signaling System Causes Ser/Thr/Tyr Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Title: The Sensor Histidine Kinases AHK2 and AHK3 Proceed into Multiple Serine/Threonine/Tyrosine Phosphorylation Pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Results show the stress physiology function of histidine kinaseS AHK2, AHK3 AND AHK4.
Title: Stress physiology functions of the Arabidopsis histidine kinase cytokinin receptors.
The role of the histidine kinases AHK2 and AHK3 in light- and abscisic acid-mediated stomatal aperture control.
Title: Involvement of two-component signalling systems in the regulation of stomatal aperture by light in Arabidopsis thaliana.
the protective function of cytokinin during light stress depends on the Arabidopsis histidine KINASE2 (AHK2) and AHK3 receptors.
Title: A novel protective function for cytokinin in the light stress response is mediated by the Arabidopsis histidine kinase2 and Arabidopsis histidine kinase3 receptors.
AHK2 and AHK3 signal specifically in leaf parenchyma cells, AHK3 in stomata cells, and CRE1/AHK4 in the root vasculature. CRE1/AHK4 can functionally replace AHK2 but not AHK3.
Title: The specificity of cytokinin signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by differing ligand affinities and expression profiles of the receptors.
The results indicate that the cytokinin-independent activity of CKI1 and cytokinin-induced AHK2 and AHK3 are important for vascular bundle formation in Arabidopsis.
Title: The histidine kinases CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT1 and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 and 3 regulate vascular tissue development in Arabidopsis shoots.
growth and development of the ahk2 ahk3 ahk4 triple mutant were markedly inhibited in various tissues and organs, including the roots and leaves in the vegetative growth phase and the influorescence meristem in the reproductive phase
Title: Histidine kinase homologs that act as cytokinin receptors possess overlapping functions in the regulation of shoot and root growth in Arabidopsis.
Results reveal partially redundant functions of the cytokinin receptors and prominent roles for the AHK2/AHK3, but not AHK4, receptor combination in quantitative control of organ growth in plants, with opposite regulatory functions in roots and shoots.
Title: Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, root development, and cytokinin metabolism.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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NM_122966.3

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokinin receptor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables osmosensor activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
NOT enables phosphoprotein phosphatase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables phosphorelay sensor kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein histidine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein histidine kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein histidine kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular response to abscisic acid stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to cold	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cytokinin-activated signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in leaf senescence	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of iron ion transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in phloem or xylem histogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphorelay signal transduction system	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of flower development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of meristem development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of seed germination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of shoot system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to abscisic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to osmotic stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to salt stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to toxic substance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to water deprivation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in secondary growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: histidine kinase 2

NP_568532.1

histidine kinase 2 (HK2); FUNCTIONS IN: osmosensor activity, cytokinin receptor activity, protein histidine kinase activity; INVOLVED IN: in 8 processes; LOCATED IN: membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Signal transduction histidine kinase, homodimeric (InterPro:IPR009082), CHASE (InterPro:IPR006189), Signal transduction histidine kinase, core (InterPro:IPR005467), ATPase-like, ATP-binding domain (InterPro:IPR003594), CheY-like (InterPro:IPR011006), Signal transduction response regulator, receiver domain (InterPro:IPR001789), Signal transduction histidine kinase, subgroup 1, dimerisation/phosphoacceptor domain (InterPro:IPR003661), Signal transduction histidine kinase-related protein, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR004358); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: histidine kinase 3 (TAIR:AT1G27320.1); Has 30201 Blast hits to 17322 proteins in 780 species: Archae - 12; Bacteria - 1396; Metazoa - 17338; Fungi - 3422; Plants - 5037; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 2996 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

Range

13911283..13916805 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_122966.3 → NP_568532.1 histidine kinase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_568532.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q680Y4, Q8GUG0, Q9C5U2, Q9FKH3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178UDP4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

PRK11107
Location:578 → 1172

PRK11107; hybrid sensory histidine kinase BarA; Provisional

pfam03924
Location:304 → 499

CHASE; CHASE domain