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    PWD chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (ATGWD3) [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 832706, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PWD
    Official Full Name
    chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (ATGWD3)
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT5G26570
    Locus tag
    AT5G26570
    See related
    Araport:AT5G26570
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ATGWD3; F9D12.1; F9D12_1; OK1; PHOSPHOGLUCAN WATER DIKINASE
    Summary
    chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD) which is required for normal degradation of leaf starch in Arabidopsis. NMR analysis of the mutants, suggests that the gene is specifically involved in the phosphorylation of the glucosyl residues of starch at the C3 position.
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    Genomic context

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    See PWD in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 5
    Exon count:
    19
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (9261479..9267732)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene pseudo Neighboring gene TCP-1/cpn60 chaperonin family protein Neighboring gene response regulator 24 Neighboring gene pseudo

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003076.8

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A novel isoform of glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates pre-phosphorylated alpha-glucans and is involved in starch degradation in Arabidopsis. Baunsgaard L, et al. Plant J, 2005 Feb. PMID 15686522
    2. Identification of a novel enzyme required for starch metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves. The phosphoglucan, water dikinase. Kötting O, et al. Plant Physiol, 2005 Jan. PMID 15618411, Free PMC Article
    3. The analysis of the different functions of starch-phosphorylating enzymes during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants discloses an unexpected role for the cytosolic isoform GWD2. Pirone C, et al. Physiol Plant, 2017 Aug. PMID 28303594
    4. Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase is involved in the cold-induced development of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. Yano R, et al. Plant Physiol, 2005 Jun. PMID 15894744, Free PMC Article
    5. The oligomeric stromal proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. Peltier JB, et al. Mol Cell Proteomics, 2006 Jan. PMID 16207701

    See all (10) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Our systematic study of the three GWDs of A. thaliana demonstrates that cytosolic GWD2, and in part also plastidic PWD, play unexpected roles in proper seed development.
      Title: The analysis of the different functions of starch-phosphorylating enzymes during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants discloses an unexpected role for the cytosolic isoform GWD2.
    2. The role of alpha-glucan/water dikinase in the development of cold tolerance in conjunction with SEX1 protein is reported.
      Title: Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase is involved in the cold-induced development of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis.
    3. The expression and characterization of this phosphoglucan,water dikinase in A. thaliana.
      Title: Identification of a novel enzyme required for starch metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves. The phosphoglucan, water dikinase.
    4. An Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding a homologue of the potato alpha-glucan, water dikinase GWD, previously known as R1, was identified by screening the Arabidopsis genome and named AtGWD3. [GWD3]
      Title: A novel isoform of glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates pre-phosphorylated alpha-glucans and is involved in starch degradation in Arabidopsis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    NM_001125808.1
    NM_122538.5

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables carbohydrate kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables starch binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein autophosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within starch catabolic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within starch metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chloroplast HDA PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in chloroplast stroma HDA PubMed 
    located_in plastid IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (ATGWD3)
    NP_001119280.1
    • PHOSPHOGLUCAN WATER DIKINASE (PWD); FUNCTIONS IN: carbohydrate kinase activity, catalytic activity, phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity; INVOLVED IN: protein amino acid autophosphorylation, carbohydrate metabolic process, starch metabolic process, starch catabolic process; LOCATED IN: chloroplast, plastid; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Immunoglobulin-like fold (InterPro:IPR013783), Carbohydrate-binding-like fold (InterPro:IPR013784), Glycoside hydrolase, carbohydrate-binding (InterPro:IPR002044); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain (TAIR:AT1G10760.1); Has 30201 Blast hits to 17322 proteins in 780 species: Archae - 12; Bacteria - 1396; Metazoa - 17338; Fungi - 3422; Plants - 5037; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 2996 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_198009.3
    • ATGWD3; FUNCTIONS IN: carbohydrate kinase activity, catalytic activity, phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity; INVOLVED IN: protein amino acid autophosphorylation, carbohydrate metabolic process, starch metabolic process, starch catabolic process; LOCATED IN: chloroplast stroma, chloroplast, plastid; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate-binding (InterPro:IPR002192), Immunoglobulin-like fold (InterPro:IPR013783), Carbohydrate-binding-like fold (InterPro:IPR013784), Glycoside hydrolase, carbohydrate-binding (InterPro:IPR002044), ATP-grasp fold, subdomain 1 (InterPro:IPR013815); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain (TAIR:AT1G10760.1); Has 3898 Blast hits to 3880 proteins in 1425 species: Archae - 252; Bacteria - 2881; Metazoa - 32; Fungi - 198; Plants - 278; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 257 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

      Range
      9261479..9267732
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_122538.5 → NP_198009.3  chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (ATGWD3) [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_198009.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O81504, O81505, Q5XMK9, Q6ZY51, Q84TI8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178UG93, A0A654G4K3
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd05818
      Location:73 → 164
      CBM20_water_dikinase; Phosphoglucan water dikinase (also known as alpha-glucan water dikinase), N-terminal CBM20 (carbohydrate-binding module, family 20) domain. This domain is found in the chloroplast-encoded phosphoglucan water dikinase, one of two enzymes involved in the ...
      pfam01326
      Location:887 → 1194
      PPDK_N; Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain

    2. NM_001125808.1 → NP_001119280.1  chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (ATGWD3) [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001119280.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3H4K8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd05818
      Location:73 → 164
      CBM20_water_dikinase; Phosphoglucan water dikinase (also known as alpha-glucan water dikinase), N-terminal CBM20 (carbohydrate-binding module, family 20) domain. This domain is found in the chloroplast-encoded phosphoglucan water dikinase, one of two enzymes involved in the ...
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q6ZY51.1

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