Gmnn geminin [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gmnnprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: gemininprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1927344
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000006715 AllianceGenome:MGI:1927344
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Gem
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity and transcription corepressor activity. Involved in negative regulation of cell cycle; negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process; and protein-containing complex assembly. Acts upstream of or within animal organ morphogenesis. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; brain; early embryo; genitourinary system; and primitive streak. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Meier-Gorlin syndrome 6. Orthologous to human GMNN (geminin DNA replication inhibitor). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in liver E14 (RPKM 43.4), CNS E11.5 (RPKM 31.4) and 12 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 13 A3.1; 13 10.64 cM

Exon count:: 10

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	13	NC_000079.7 (24935828..24954222, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	13	NC_000079.6 (24751845..24761937, complement)

Chromosome 13 - NC_000079.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Geminin is required for Hox gene regulation to pattern the developing limb.
Title: Geminin is required for Hox gene regulation to pattern the developing limb.
GemC1 and Geminin can tune the proportion of neural stem cells and ependymal cells. Findings reveal the controlled dynamic of the neurogenic niche ontogeny and identify the Geminin family members as key regulators of the initial pool of adult neural stem cells.
Title: Adult Neural Stem Cells and Multiciliated Ependymal Cells Share a Common Lineage Regulated by the Geminin Family Members.
Geminin acts as a tumor suppressor by safeguarding genome stability, whereas its overexpression is associated with genomic instability and enhanced tumorigenicity.
Title: Geminin ablation in vivo enhances tumorigenesis through increased genomic instability.
Geminin plays important roles in pre-meiotic DNA replication and subsequent spermatogenesis.
Title: Geminin deletion in pre-meiotic DNA replication stage causes spermatogenesis defect and infertility.
Geminin and Zic1 could cooperatively activate the expression of several shared targets encoding transcription factors that control neurogenesis, neural plate patterning, and neuronal differentiation.
Title: Gene regulatory networks in neural cell fate acquisition from genome-wide chromatin association of Geminin and Zic1.
Lack of Geminin promotes adult neural stem cell commitment toward the oligodendrocytic lineage at the expense of the neuronal differentiation without altering their ability to self-renew.
Title: Geminin Participates in Differentiation Decisions of Adult Neural Stem Cells Transplanted in the Hemiparkinsonian Mouse Brain.
These results provide proof-of-principle that preventing geminin function could prevent malignancy in tumors derived from pluripotent cells by selectively eliminating the progenitor cells with little harm to normal cells.
Title: Geminin Is Essential for Pluripotent Cell Viability During Teratoma Formation, but Not for Differentiated Cell Viability During Teratoma Expansion.
cell penetrating (CP) Geminin is imported into the nucleus after incorporation and also the incorporated CP-Geminin directly interacted with Cdt1 or Brahma/Brg1 as the same manner as Geminin
Title: Manipulation of Cell Cycle and Chromatin Configuration by Means of Cell-Penetrating Geminin.
Study shows that ablation of Geminin induces massive rereplication as a result of unrestrained Cdt1 activity in embryonic stem cells, whereas it has no such effect in embryonic fibroblasts in which alternative regulation of Cdt1 activity is intact.
Title: Geminin is an indispensable inhibitor of Cdt1 in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Maternal geminin does not regulate oogenesis and oocyte meiotic maturation, but it does control accurate DNA replication and timely cleavage of fertilized eggs.
Title: Geminin deletion in mouse oocytes results in impaired embryo development and reduced fertility.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (43)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (1)
Gene trapped (1) 1 citation
Targeted (7) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

AW546347 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:180505

RH128856 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:212164

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables chromatin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone deacetylase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone deacetylase binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
NOT enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables transcription corepressor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within animal organ morphogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA replication	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA replication	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell cycle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of chromatin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein-containing complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA replication	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
part_of transcription repressor complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of transcription repressor complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: geminin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.