ESP separase [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: ESP
Official Full Name: separase
Primary source: TAIR:AT4G22970
Locus tag: AT4G22970
See related: Araport:AT4G22970
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: AESP; EXTRA SPINDLE POLES; F7H19.150; F7H19_150; homolog of separase; RADIALLY SWOLLEN 4; RSW4; SEPARASE
Summary: Encodes a separase (ESP), homologous to human and mouse separase protein. Separase is a capase family protease required for the release of sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis and mitosis. Arabidopsis separase contains a predicted 2Fe2S-ferredoxin domain that is not present in the proteins of other organisms. Also contains a putative EF-hand calcium binding domain. Mutant seeds exhibited embryo arrest at the globular stage. The endosperm also exhibited a weak titan-like phenotype. Transgenic plants expressing AESP RNA interference (RNAi) from the meiosis-specific DMC1 promoter exhibited alterations in chromosome segregation during meiosis I and II that resulted in polyads containing from one to eight microspores. Plays an essential role in embryo development. Required for the removal of cohesin from meiotic chromosomes and establishment of meiotic nuclear domains. This gene was also identified through the rsw4 mutant. Lines carrying recessive, temperature-sensitive mutations exhibit reduced anisotropic growth at 30 degrees Celsius. Microtubules and cellulose microfibrils are not depleted or disoriented in the mutants at the restrictive temperature.
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Genomic context

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See ESP in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 4

Exon count:: 27

Sequence:: Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (12033437..12043728, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003075.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

the N-terminal non-catalytic domain of separase binds to the C-terminal tail domain of three homologs of the centromeric protein CENP-E Kinesin 7.
Title: Separase Promotes Microtubule Polymerization by Activating CENP-E-Related Kinesin Kin7.
The crystal structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana ESP protein has been reported.
Title: Crystal structure of the Epithiospecifier Protein, ESP from Arabidopsis thaliana provides insights into its product specificity.
Data indicate that caspase-related protease separase (extra spindle poles [ESP]) colocalizes with microtubules and RabA2a, and facilitates polar targeting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-formed2 (PIN2) to the rootward side of the root cortex cell.
Title: The caspase-related protease separase (extra spindle poles) regulates cell polarity and cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.
Plant separase, in addition to cleaving cohesin, regulates cyclin B1;1, with profound ramifications for morphogenesis.
Title: A conditional mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana separase induces chromosome non-disjunction, aberrant morphogenesis and cyclin B1;1 stability.
It was shown that meiotic expression of ESP blocked the removal of cohesin during meiosis, resulted in alterations in centromere association, disrupted the radial microtubule system, and affected the establishment of nuclear cytoplasmic domains.
Title: Arabidopsis separase functions beyond the removal of sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis.
AESP plays an essential role in embryo development and is required for the removal of cohesin from meiotic chromosomes. [AESP]
Title: Arabidopsis separase AESP is essential for embryo development and the release of cohesin during meiosis.

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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_001203875.2

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptidase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables peptidase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within chromosome separation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cytokinesis by cell plate formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryo development ending in seed dormancy	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within endosperm development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within exocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within meiotic chromosome separation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in proteolysis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of establishment of cell polarity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to glucose	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within unidimensional cell growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within vesicle-mediated transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in microtubule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: separase

NP_001190804.1

homolog of separase (ESP); FUNCTIONS IN: peptidase activity; INVOLVED IN: meiotic chromosome separation, chromosome separation, embryo development ending in seed dormancy, positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion, endosperm development; LOCATED IN: nucleus; EXPRESSED IN: 16 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 7 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Peptidase C50, separase (InterPro:IPR005314); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: unknown protein (TAIR:AT5G28550.1).

NP_194028.2

homolog of separase (ESP); FUNCTIONS IN: peptidase activity; INVOLVED IN: in 6 processes; LOCATED IN: nucleus; EXPRESSED IN: 16 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 7 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Peptidase C50, separase (InterPro:IPR005314); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: unknown protein (TAIR:AT5G28550.1); Has 401 Blast hits to 372 proteins in 177 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 2; Metazoa - 98; Fungi - 137; Plants - 87; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 77 (source: NCBI BLink).