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    HAP2 hapless 2 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 826777, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    HAP2
    Official Full Name
    hapless 2
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT4G11720
    Locus tag
    AT4G11720
    See related
    Araport:AT4G11720
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    GCS1; GENERATIVE CELL-SPECIFIC 1; HAPLESS 2; T5C23.150; T5C23_150
    Summary
    Encodes HAP2 with the following predicted motifs: an N-terminal secretion signal, a single transmembrane domain and a C-terminal histidine-rich domain. HAP2 is expressed only in the haploid sperm and is required for pollen tube guidance and fertilization. Predominantly localized to sperm endoplasmic reticulum membranes. May also reside in other endomembranes, including the plasma membrane. Target promoter of the male germline-specific transcription factor DUO1.
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    Genomic context

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    See HAP2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 4
    Exon count:
    17
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (7063255..7066878)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene hypothetical protein (DUF626) Neighboring gene pseudo Neighboring gene Cation transporter/ E1-E2 ATPase family protein Neighboring gene Ubiquitin-like superfamily protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003075.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Behavior of Male Gamete Fusogen GCS1/HAP2 and the Regulation in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization. Shiba Y, et al. Biomolecules, 2023 Jan 20. PMID 36830580, Free PMC Article
    2. Loss of GCS1/HAP2 does not affect the ovule-targeting behavior of pollen tubes. Takahashi T, et al. Plant Reprod, 2017 Sep. PMID 28791484
    3. The functional domain of GCS1-based gamete fusion resides in the amino terminus in plant and parasite species. Mori T, et al. PLoS One, 2010 Dec 31. PMID 21209845, Free PMC Article
    4. HAP2(GCS1)-dependent gamete fusion requires a positively charged carboxy-terminal domain. Wong JL, et al. PLoS Genet, 2010 Mar 19. PMID 20333238, Free PMC Article
    5. Arabidopsis HAP2 (GCS1) is a sperm-specific gene required for pollen tube guidance and fertilization. von Besser K, et al. Development, 2006 Dec. PMID 17079265

    See all (8) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Behavior of Male Gamete Fusogen GCS1/HAP2 and the Regulation in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization.
      Title: Behavior of Male Gamete Fusogen GCS1/HAP2 and the Regulation in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization.
    2. no significant difference in ovule-targeting frequency between hap2-1 and HAP2 pollen tubes, indicating that the gcs1/hap2 mutation does not affect the ability of pollen tubes to target the ovule; results supply a clue that may allow conclusive settlement of the disagreement regarding the function of GCS1/HAP2 during the angiosperm sexual reproduction process
      Title: Loss of GCS1/HAP2 does not affect the ovule-targeting behavior of pollen tubes.
    3. These results provide data identifying the essential functional features of HAP2, a highly conserved sperm fusion protein.
      Title: HAP2(GCS1)-dependent gamete fusion requires a positively charged carboxy-terminal domain.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    General gene information

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    NM_117241.2

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables molecular_function ND
    No biological Data available
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in plasma membrane fusion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within pollen sperm cell differentiation IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within pollen tube guidance IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    hapless 2
    NP_192909.2
    • HAPLESS 2 (HAP2); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Generative cell specific-1, HAP2-GCS1 (InterPro:IPR018928); Has 2122 Blast hits to 1565 proteins in 270 species: Archae - 6; Bacteria - 421; Metazoa - 806; Fungi - 82; Plants - 227; Viruses - 5; Other Eukaryotes - 575 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      7063255..7066878
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_117241.2 → NP_192909.2  hapless 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_192909.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      F4JP36, Q1AP31, Q2PGG6, Q9T0D9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A5S9XS33
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam10699
      Location:282 → 328
      HAP2-GCS1; Male gamete fusion factor
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    F4JP36.1

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