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    CRY2 cryptochrome 2 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 839529, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CRY2
    Official Full Name
    cryptochrome 2
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT1G04400
    Locus tag
    AT1G04400
    See related
    Araport:AT1G04400
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    AT-PHH1; ATCRY2; cryptochrome 2; CRYPTOCHROME 2 APOPROTEIN; F19P19.14; F19P19_14; FHA; PHH1
    Summary
    Blue light receptor mediating blue-light regulated cotyledon expansion and flowering time. Positive regulator of the flowering-time gene CONSTANS. This gene possesses a light-induced CNT2 N-terminal homodimerisation domain.Involved in blue-light induced stomatal opening. Involved in triggering chromatin decondensation. An 80-residue motif (NC80) is sufficient to confer CRY2's physiological function. It is proposed that the PHR domain and the C-terminal tail of the unphosphorylated CRY2 form a ''closed'' conformation to suppress the NC80 motif in the absence of light. In response to blue light, the C-terminal tail of CRY2 is phosphorylated and electrostatically repelled from the surface of the PHR domain to form an ''open'' conformation, resulting in derepression of the NC80 motif and signal transduction to trigger photomorphogenic responses. Cry2 phosphorylation and degradation both occur in the nucleus.
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    Genomic context

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    See CRY2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 1
    Exon count:
    5
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 1; NC_003070.9 (1185512..1188696, complement)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_003070.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene BTB/POZ domain-containing protein Neighboring gene Lactate/malate dehydrogenase family protein Neighboring gene NAD(P)-linked oxidoreductase superfamily protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003070.9

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors of Arabidopsis implicated in phototropism. Ahmad M, et al. Nature, 1998 Apr 16. PMID 9565033
    2. Cellular metabolites enhance the light sensitivity of Arabidopsis cryptochrome through alternate electron transfer pathways. Engelhard C, et al. Plant Cell, 2014 Nov. PMID 25428980, Free PMC Article
    3. The blue light-dependent phosphorylation of the CCE domain determines the photosensitivity of Arabidopsis CRY2. Wang Q, et al. Mol Plant, 2015 Apr. PMID 25792146, Free PMC Article
    4. A study of the blue-light-dependent phosphorylation, degradation, and photobody formation of Arabidopsis CRY2. Zuo ZC, et al. Mol Plant, 2012 May. PMID 22311776, Free PMC Article
    5. Blue-light dependent ROS formation by Arabidopsis cryptochrome-2 may contribute toward its signaling role. Jourdan N, et al. Plant Signal Behav, 2015. PMID 26179959, Free PMC Article

    See all (78) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Light-induced LLPS of the CRY2/SPA1/FIO1 complex regulating mRNA methylation and chlorophyll homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
      Title: Light-induced LLPS of the CRY2/SPA1/FIO1 complex regulating mRNA methylation and chlorophyll homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
    2. Light-Response Bric-A-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad proteins mediate cryptochrome 2 degradation in response to low ambient temperature.
      Title: Light-Response Bric-A-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad proteins mediate cryptochrome 2 degradation in response to low ambient temperature.
    3. Different response modes and cooperation modulations of blue-light receptors in photomorphogenesis.
      Title: Different response modes and cooperation modulations of blue-light receptors in photomorphogenesis.
    4. Structural insights into photoactivation of plant Cryptochrome-2.
      Title: Structural insights into photoactivation of plant Cryptochrome-2.
    5. Regulation of Arabidopsis photoreceptor CRY2 by two distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases.
      Title: Regulation of Arabidopsis photoreceptor CRY2 by two distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases.
    6. The Universally Conserved Residues Are Not Universally Required for Stable Protein Expression or Functions of Cryptochromes.
      Title: The Universally Conserved Residues Are Not Universally Required for Stable Protein Expression or Functions of Cryptochromes.
    7. A structural view of plant CRY2 photoactivation and inactivation.
      Title: A structural view of plant CRY2 photoactivation and inactivation.
    8. Structural insights into BIC-mediated inactivation of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2.
      Title: Structural insights into BIC-mediated inactivation of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2.
    9. The oligomeric structures of plant cryptochromes.
      Title: The oligomeric structures of plant cryptochromes.
    10. CRY2 cooperates with CIB1 to regulate transcription by enhancing the DNA affinity and transcriptional activity of CIB1 under blue light.
      Title: Reconstituting Arabidopsis CRY2 Signaling Pathway in Mammalian Cells Reveals Regulation of Transcription by Direct Binding of CRY2 to DNA.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (44)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    NM_100320.4
    NM_179257.2

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables FAD binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables blue light photoreceptor activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    NOT enables kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within blue light signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within chromatin organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within chromatin remodeling IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within circadian regulation of calcium ion oscillation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in circadian rhythm IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to virus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in long-day photoperiodism, flowering IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phototropism IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in phototropism IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of flower development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    NOT involved_in protein autophosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of flower development IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of leaf morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of meristem growth IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of photoperiodism, flowering IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to absence of light IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to blue light IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to blue light IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to blue light IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to blue light IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to light stimulus IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to light stimulus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to light stimulus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to strigolactone IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within response to water deprivation IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within stomatal movement IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nuclear body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nuclear body IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in plant-type vacuole HDA PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    cryptochrome 2
    NP_171935.1
    • cryptochrome 2 (CRY2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein homodimerization activity, blue light photoreceptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 9 processes; LOCATED IN: nucleus, vacuole; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Rossmann-like alpha/beta/alpha sandwich fold (InterPro:IPR014729), Cryptochrome/DNA photolyase, class 1 conserved site, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR018394), DNA photolyase, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR006050), DNA photolyase, FAD-binding/Cryptochrome, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR005101), Cryptochrome, plant (InterPro:IPR014134), Cryptochrome/DNA photolyase, class 1 (InterPro:IPR002081); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: cryptochrome 1 (TAIR:AT4G08920.1); Has 10129 Blast hits to 10113 proteins in 1516 species: Archae - 99; Bacteria - 3201; Metazoa - 386; Fungi - 148; Plants - 723; Viruses - 2; Other Eukaryotes - 5570 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_849588.1
    • cryptochrome 2 (CRY2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein homodimerization activity, blue light photoreceptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 9 processes; LOCATED IN: nucleus, vacuole; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Rossmann-like alpha/beta/alpha sandwich fold (InterPro:IPR014729), Cryptochrome/DNA photolyase, class 1 conserved site, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR018394), DNA photolyase, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR006050), DNA photolyase, FAD-binding/Cryptochrome, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR005101), Cryptochrome, plant (InterPro:IPR014134), Cryptochrome/DNA photolyase, class 1 (InterPro:IPR002081); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: cryptochrome 1 (TAIR:AT4G08920.1); Has 10129 Blast hits to 10113 proteins in 1516 species: Archae - 99; Bacteria - 3201; Metazoa - 386; Fungi - 148; Plants - 723; Viruses - 2; Other Eukaryotes - 5570 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003070.9 Reference assembly

      Range
      1185512..1188696 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_100320.4 → NP_171935.1  cryptochrome 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_171935.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B0LQ23, B0LQ24, B0LQ25, B0LQ29, Q42549, Q42603, Q42604, Q56ZL8, Q696X6, Q696X8, Q696Z7, Q697A2, Q8VWL9, Q8VZY9, Q96524
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178WFD5, G4WTR2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR02766
      Location:8 → 486
      crypt_chrom_pln; cryptochrome, plant family
      pfam00875
      Location:7 → 171
      DNA_photolyase; DNA photolyase
      pfam03441
      Location:213 → 487
      FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase

    2. NM_179257.2 → NP_849588.1  cryptochrome 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_849588.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B0LQ23, B0LQ24, B0LQ25, B0LQ29, Q42549, Q42603, Q42604, Q56ZL8, Q696X6, Q696X8, Q696Z7, Q697A2, Q8VWL9, Q8VZY9, Q96524
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178WFD5, G4WTR2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR02766
      Location:8 → 486
      crypt_chrom_pln; cryptochrome, plant family
      pfam00875
      Location:7 → 171
      DNA_photolyase; DNA photolyase
      pfam03441
      Location:213 → 487
      FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q96524.2

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